FELINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AND FELINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS INFECTION IN FREE-RANGING GUIGNAS (<i>LEOPARDUS GUIGNA</i>) AND SYMPATRIC DOMESTIC CATS IN HUMAN PERTURBED LANDSCAPES ON CHILOÉ ISLAND, CHILE

Mora, Mónica; Napolitano, Constanza; Ortega, René; Poulin, Élie; Pizarro-Lucero, José

doi:10.7589/2014-04-114

Cited by 44 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Can the risk of zoonotic infection with FeLV be discounted? Despite control measures, including vaccination, that have reduced the prevalence of FeLV in some parts of the world, this virus family remains one of the most important pathogens of cat species worldwide ( 52 ). Moreover, the limited barriers protecting human cells against FeLV infection contrast with the plethora of restriction factors that protect against the cross-species transmission of primate lentiviruses, where recent jumps have occurred ( 53 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers to Infection of Human Cells by Feline Leukemia Virus: Insights into Resistance to Zoonosis

Terry

Kilbey

Naseer

et al. 2017

J Virol

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The human genome displays a rich fossil record of past gammaretrovirus infections, yet no current epidemic is evident, despite environmental exposure to viruses that infect human cells in vitro. Feline leukemia viruses (FeLVs) rank high on this list, but neither domestic nor workplace exposure has been associated with detectable serological responses. Nonspecific inactivation of gammaretroviruses by serum factors appears insufficient to explain these observations. To investigate further, we explored the susceptibilities of primary and established human cell lines to FeLV-B, the most likely zoonotic variant. Fully permissive infection was common in cancer-derived cell lines but was also a feature of nontransformed keratinocytes and lung fibroblasts. Cells of hematopoietic origin were generally less permissive and formed discrete groups on the basis of high or low intracellular protein expression and virion release. Potent repression was observed in primary human blood mononuclear cells and a subset of leukemia cell lines. However, the early steps of reverse transcription and integration appear to be unimpaired in nonpermissive cells. FeLV-B was subject to G→A hypermutation with a predominant APOBEC3G signature in partially permissive cells but was not mutated in permissive cells or in nonpermissive cells that block secondary viral spread. Distinct cellular barriers that protect primary human blood cells are likely to be important in protection against zoonotic infection with FeLV.IMPORTANCE Domestic exposure to gammaretroviruses such as feline leukemia viruses (FeLVs) occurs worldwide, but the basis of human resistance to infection remains incompletely understood. The potential threat is evident from the human genome sequence, which reveals many past epidemics of gammaretrovirus infection, and from recent cross-species jumps of gammaretroviruses from rodents to primates and marsupials. This study examined resistance to infection at the cellular level with the most prevalent human cell-tropic FeLV variant, FeLV-B. We found that blood cells are uniquely resistant to infection with FeLV-B due to the activity of cellular enzymes that mutate the viral genome. A second block, which appears to suppress viral gene expression after the viral genome has integrated into the host cell genome, was identified. Since cells derived from other normal human cell types are fully supportive of FeLV replication, innate resistance of blood cells could be critical in protecting against cross-species infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers to Infection of Human Cells by Feline Leukemia Virus: Insights into Resistance to Zoonosis

Terry

Kilbey

Naseer

et al. 2017

J Virol

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“…A study conducted on a Chilean island found a prevalence of infection, by PCR, for FeLV of 33% (26/78) (Mora et al 2015) [EB1]. Seroprevalence of retroviral exposure in a cross-sectional survey of a convenience sample of domestic cats from Costa Rica's greater metropolitan area was 16.7% (17/102) for FeLV and 8.8% (9/102) for FIV (Blanco et al 2009) [EB1].…”

Section: Feline Retrovirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recommendations on vaccination for Latin American small animal practitioners: a report of the WSAVA Vaccination Guidelines Group

Day

Crawford

Marcondes

et al. 2020

J of Small Animal Practice

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Executive Summary The World Small Animal Veterinary Association Vaccination Guidelines Group has produced global guidelines for small companion animal practitioners on best practice in canine and feline vaccination. Recognising that there are unique aspects of veterinary practice in certain geographical regions of the world, the Vaccination Guidelines Group undertook a regional project in Latin America between 2016 and 2019, culminating in the present document. The Vaccination Guidelines Group gathered scientific and demographic data during visits to Argentina, Brazil and Mexico, by discussion with national key opinion leaders, visiting veterinary practices and review of the scientific literature. A questionnaire survey was completed by 1390 veterinarians in five Latin American countries and the Vaccination Guidelines Group delivered continuing education at seven events attended by over 3500 veterinarians. The Vaccination Guidelines Group recognised numerous challenges in Latin America, for example: (1) lack of national oversight of the veterinary profession, (2) extraordinary growth in private veterinary schools of undetermined quality, (3) socioeconomic constraints on client engagement with preventive health care, (4) high regional prevalence of some key infectious diseases (e.g. feline leukaemia virus infection, canine visceral leishmaniosis), (5) almost complete lack of minimal antigen vaccine products as available in other markets, (6) relative lack of vaccine products with extended duration of immunity as available in other markets, (7) availability of vaccine products withdrawn from other markets (e.g. Giardia vaccine) or unique to Latin America (e.g. some Leishmania vaccines), (8) accessibility of vaccines directly by pet owners or breeders such that vaccination is not delivered under veterinary supervision, (9) limited availability of continuing education in veterinary vaccinology and lack of compulsion for continuing professional development and (10) limited peer‐reviewed published scientific data on small companion animal infectious diseases (with the exception of leishmaniosis) and lack of support for such academic research. In this document, the Vaccination Guidelines Group summarises the findings of this project and assesses in evidence‐based fashion the scientific literature pertaining to companion animal vaccine‐preventable diseases in Latin America. The Vaccination Guidelines Group makes some recommendations on undergraduate and postgraduate education and academic research. Recognising that current product availability in Latin America does not permit veterinarians in these countries to vaccinate according to the global World Small Animal Veterinary Association guidelines, the Vaccination Guidelines Group makes a series of “pragmatic” recommendations as to what might be currently achievable, and a series of “aspirational” recommendations as to what might be desirable for the future. The concept of “vaccine husbandry” is addressed via some simple guidelines for the management of vaccine products i...

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“…Mora y cols. (2015), documentan que las guiñas en Chiloé se encuentran infectadas con los virus de la leucemia felina (VLFe) y de la inmunodeficiencia felina (VIF) sin signos clínicos aparentes 85 . Las secuencias nucleotídicas obtenidas de ambos virus en guiñas fueron casi idénticas a aquellas presentes en gatos domésticos, sugiriendo que estos pueden estar jugando un rol importante en la transmisión de retrovirus a los felinos silvestres.…”

Section: Patógenos Y Mamíferos Silvestres Desatendidosunclassified

Conocimiento acerca de los patógenos virales y bacterianos presentes en mamíferos silvestres en Chile: una revisión sistemática

Llanos-Soto¹,

González‐Acuña²

2019

Rev. chil. infectol.

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FELINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AND FELINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS INFECTION IN FREE-RANGING GUIGNAS (LEOPARDUS GUIGNA) AND SYMPATRIC DOMESTIC CATS IN HUMAN PERTURBED LANDSCAPES ON CHILOÉ ISLAND, CHILE

Cited by 44 publications

References 32 publications

Barriers to Infection of Human Cells by Feline Leukemia Virus: Insights into Resistance to Zoonosis

Barriers to Infection of Human Cells by Feline Leukemia Virus: Insights into Resistance to Zoonosis

Recommendations on vaccination for Latin American small animal practitioners: a report of the WSAVA Vaccination Guidelines Group

Conocimiento acerca de los patógenos virales y bacterianos presentes en mamíferos silvestres en Chile: una revisión sistemática

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