Feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus and Toxoplasma gondii in stray and household cats in Kerman–Iran: Seroprevalence and correlation with clinical and laboratory findings

Akhtardanesh, Baharak; Ziaali, Naser; Sharifi, Hamid; Rezaei, Shirin

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.03.015

Cited by 41 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…A high number of adults aging between three and six years was found in the positive group as previously observed 3,4,27 . At this stage of life, cats have more physical vigor and higher sexual activity, and, therefore, they have more probability to outdoor access.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

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Fatores de risco da leucemia viral felina em São Paulo, Brazil

Jorge

Ferreira

Hagiwara

2011

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infection in cats (n = 812) from the city of São Paulo. Information on age, gender, outdoor access, reproductive status, origin and number of potential contacts were obtained for each animal. Direct immunofluorescence test was used to identify the infected cats. Fifty cats (6.2 %) were positive for FeLV infection. The risk factors identified were "outdoor access" (OR = 47.2; p < 0.001), "having been rescued from the street" (OR = 3.221; p = 0.008) or being three to six year old (OR = 3.046; p = 0.009); the most important risk factor was free outdoor access. A predictive model for FeLV infection was built based on the results of the multivariate analysis. Cats with free outdoor access are more predisposed to infection, with 18% more chances of becoming infected. If the animal is one to three year old, the probability increases, reaching 34%. If the cat is exposed to these three risk factors, the probability of infection is even higher (63%). When analyzed together or as isolated risk factors, the age and being rescued from the street represent less impact on the spreading of the FeLV, as the probability of infection for cats exposed to each of these risk factors is 1 and 4%, respectively. Thus, free roaming and outdoor access are the most important risk factors associated to FeLV infection among cats in São Paulo city and must be taken in consideration in the prevention of this retrovirus infection. Keywords:Cats. Feline leukemia virus. Risk factors. Epidemiology. FeLV. ResumoO objetivo deste estudo foi o de identificar os fatores de risco para a leucemia viral felina (FeLV) em uma amostragem de 812 gatos da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Informações sobre idade, sexo, acesso à rua, estado reprodutivo, origem e número de contactantes foram obtidos para cada animal. Teste de imunofluorescência direto para a pesquisa de antígeno viral em esfregaço de sangue periférico foi utilizado para a identificação dos felinos infectados. Foram encontrados 51 gatos (6,2%) positivos para a infecção. Os fatores de risco identificados foram "acesso a rua" (OR = 47,2; p < 0,001), "ter sido resgatado da rua" (OR = 3,221; p = 0,008) e "ter idade entre 3 e 6 anos" (OR = 3,046; p = 0,009), sendo o "livre acesso à rua" o fator de risco mais importante. Foi elaborado um modelo preditivo para a infecção pelo FeLV, baseandose nos resultados da análise multivariada. Gatos com acesso livre à rua apresentam 18% mais chances de se infectarem e se estiverem na faixa etária entre 3 e 6 anos de idade o risco aumenta para 34%. Se o gato estiver exposto aos três fatores de risco, a probabilidade de infecção é ainda mais alta, de 63%. Quando analisados em conjunto ou como fatores de risco isolados, a idade e o fato de "ter sido resgatado da rua" possuem menor impacto na disseminação de FeLV, já que a probabilidade de infecção para os gatos expostos a cada um desses fatores é de 1% e de 4%, respectivamente. Assim, o acesso livre a rua e ter sido resgatado da rua...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) are amongst the most common infectious agents of domestic cats throughout the world 1,2,3,4,5 . Feral cats 6,7 or endangered wild felids as linx and panthers 8 are also under risk of FeLV infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatores de risco da leucemia viral felina em São Paulo, Brazil

Jorge

Ferreira

Hagiwara

2011

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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“…The overall prevalence of T. gondii infection in cats in Lanzhou was 21.3%, which was lower than that reported in some other countries, such as in Iran (32.1%) [1,18], lower than that observed in Guangzhou City (25.2%) [11], but higher than that in Zhengzhou City (15.5%) and Beijing City (14.1%) in China [19,20]. The differences in seroprevalences of T. gondii in cats are probably due to differences in ecological and geographical factors, serologic tests used and the living conditions for cats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in household and stray cats in Lanzhou, northwest China

Zhu

Zhou

et al. 2011

Parasites Vectors

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BackgroundToxoplasma gondii is an important protozoan parasite infecting humans and almost all warm-blooded animals. As the only definitive host, cats play a crucial role in the transmission of T. gondii infection by shedding parasite oocysts in their feces. However, little information on T. gondii infection in cats was available in Lanzhou, northwest China. This study was performed to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in household and stray cats in Lanzhou, northwest China.ResultsA total of 221 (179 households and 42 strays) blood samples were collected from clinically healthy cats admitted to several pet hospitals located in Lanzhou City, between November 2010 and July 2011 for the serological detection of T. gondii infection. The majority (207) of these cats represented Chinese Lihua cats. 47 of 221 (21.3%) examined cats were seropositive for T. gondii infection using the modified agglutination test (MAT) at the cut-off of 1:25. The seroprevalence in household and stray cats was assessed to be 15.6% and 45.2%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The seroprevalence ranged from 15.1% to 25.8% among different age groups, but the differences were not statistically significant (P >0.05). Studies showed that there was no relationship between seroprevalence and the gender (P >0.05).ConclusionsThe present survey indicated the high seroprevalence of T. gondii in cats in Lanzhou, northwest China, which poses a threat to animal and human health. Therefore, measures should be taken to control and prevent toxoplasmosis of cats in this area.

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“…A FIV tem sido associada com a coinfecção do T. gondii promovendo a reativação da toxoplasmose latente, resultando em nova liberação de oocistos nas fezes (LUCAS et al, 1998;DORNY et al, 2002, AKHTARDANESH et al, 2010.…”

Section: Associação Com Outros Agentesunclassified

“…A manifestação clínica da toxoplasmose em felinos é geralmente polissistêmica, sendo a uveíte e a febre os achados mais comuns (LAPPIN, 2002(LAPPIN, , 2004. De acordo com Akhtardanesh et al (2010) gatos positivos para FeLV apresentam maior risco de coinfecção com T. gondii, manifestando anemia e prostação.…”

Section: Aspectos Clínicos E Patogênicos Da Toxoplasmose Em Animais Dunclassified

Aspectos da toxoplasmose na clínica de pequenos animais

et al. 2014

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ResumoA toxoplasmose, zoonose de distribuição mundial, apresenta importância em medicina veterinária e saúde pública. Os animais podem ser a fonte direta ou indireta da infecção ao homem, e neste, esta doença pode ser responsável por encefalite e óbitos, devido sua forma congênita em neonatos e como coinfecção em pacientes portadores da síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida. O homem e os animais, hospedeiros intermediários, podem adquirir a doença pelo consumo de alimentos, como carne crua ou mal cozida e água contaminados com cistos e oocistos de T. gondii, respectivamente. Via iatrogênica como transfusões de sangue e transplante de órgãos são outras formas menos frequentes de transmissão. O agente causador desta enfermidade é o Toxoplasma gondii, protozoário coccídio intracelular obrigatório. Em pequenos animais, esta infecção tem sido reportada em diversos países, promovendo manifestações clínicas variadas e incomuns, porém severas e fatais, que constituem em um desafio em diagnóstico na clínica de pequenos animais, principalmente quando no comprometimento do sistema nervoso. Desse modo, constituem no objetivo da presente revisão literária abordar a participação dos pequenos animais na disseminação da doença, os aspectos clínicos a ela relacionados, bem como discutir métodos de diagnóstico, medidas terapêuticas, de profilaxia e controle desta enfermidade. Palavras-chave: Cão, gato, imunossupressão, protozoário, zoonose AbstractToxoplasmosis, a zoonosis of worldwide distribution, has importance in human and veterinary medicine. Animals can be direct or indirect source of infection to man, and this intermediate host, the disease may be responsible for encephalitis and deaths due to congenital form as coinfection in neonates and patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The man and animals can acquire the disease by eating undercooked meat or cures, infected with tissue cysts, as well as food and water contaminated with oocysts. Iatrogenic, such as, blood transfusion and organ transplantation are other less frequent routes of transmission. The causative agent of this disease is Toxoplasma gondii, a protozoan obligate intracellular coccidian. In small animals, the infection has been reported in several countries, promoting varied clinical manifestations and uncommon but severe and fatal, which is a challenge in the clinical diagnosis of small animals, especially when the nervous system involvement. Thus, constitute the purpose of this review address the participation of small animals in the spread of the disease, clinical aspects related to it, as well as discuss methods of diagnosis, therapeutic measures, prophylaxis and control of this disease.

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Feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus and Toxoplasma gondii in stray and household cats in Kerman–Iran: Seroprevalence and correlation with clinical and laboratory findings

Cited by 41 publications

References 24 publications

Fatores de risco da leucemia viral felina em São Paulo, Brazil

Fatores de risco da leucemia viral felina em São Paulo, Brazil

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in household and stray cats in Lanzhou, northwest China

Aspectos da toxoplasmose na clínica de pequenos animais

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