Feline Immunodeficiency Virus

Bęczkowski, Paweł M.; Beatty, Julia A.

doi:10.1016/j.yasa.2022.05.007

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Vaccination against FIV is only available in Australia, New Zealand, and Japan Whisking away the veil: exploring feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukaemia virus prevalence among shelter cats in Portugal Razotkrivanje stanja: istraživanje prevalencije virusa mačje imunodeficijencije i virusa mačje leukemije među mačkama iz skloništa u Portugalu (Bęczkowski & Beatty, 2022). As there is currently no FIV vaccine on the market in Portugal, despite its reclassification as a non-core vaccine by the World Small Animal Veterinary Association in the 2016 guidelines (Day et al, 2016), the risk of false positive results is of no concern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Razotkrivanje stanja: istraživanje prevalencije virusa mačje imunodeficijencije i virusa mačje leukemije među mačkama iz skloništa u Portugalu

Afonso,

Cardoso,

Quintas

et al. 2024

Vet. stn. (Online)

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Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) are important pathogens affecting feline hosts worldwide, compromising the health, well-being, quality of life, and lifespan of infected cats. This study explores the prevalence of these viral agents among shelter cats in Portugal, aiming to unravel their complexities and implications. The prevalence of FIV and FeLV was assessed by collecting blood samples (n = 326) from cats during medical routine check-ups at shelter admission and testing them with an immunochromatographic kit. The overall seroprevalence of FIV and FeLV was 15.3% (50/326, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.6–19.7). The proportion of cats positive to FIV, FeLV, and both FIV and FeLV was 9.8% (32/326, 95% CI: 6.8-13.6), 2.1% (7/326, 95% CI: 0.9-4.4) and 3.4% (11/326, 95% CI: 1.7-6.0), respectively. The prevalence of FIV and both FeLV and FIV appeared to be higher in the adult population. No statistical association was found between sex, breed, hair, or municipality, and FeLV, FIV and both FeLV and FIV prevalence. This is the first report on retroviral prevalence in shelter cats in Portugal, which provides important information regarding FIV and FeLV among stray cats in Portugal, highlighting the need for surveillance of those viruses, improved compliance with vaccination programmes, and vigilant management strategies to limit and control these viruses in the felinepopulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Razotkrivanje stanja: istraživanje prevalencije virusa mačje imunodeficijencije i virusa mačje leukemije među mačkama iz skloništa u Portugalu

Afonso,

Cardoso,

Quintas

et al. 2024

Vet. stn. (Online)

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“…FIV and FeLV are the most common infectious agents in domestic cats [1][2][3][4]. FIV is a lentivirus [5,6], primarily transmitted through bites during ghts and persists throughout life [7]. FeLV is a gammaretrovirus transmitted via contact with saliva and other secretions from infected cats [1,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a Feline Infectious Disease Triage Model: Insights from Logistic Regression Models in Data from a Veterinary Isolation Unit

Maximino,

Machado,

Nunes

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: The Biological Isolation and Containment Unit (BICU) of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, is dedicated to treating animals with suspected or confirmed infectious diseases. Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) and Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) are two of the most common infections reported in this unit. This study explored the use of logistic regression to predict FIV and FeLV infections in the triage stage. Results: Of 1211 cats treated at the BICU since its opening, 134 cats were FIV-positive and 126 FeLV-positive. Significant triage-related factors for FIV-related hospitalization included being an adult or senior cat, intact males, having access to the outdoors, and presenting concomitant disorders. In contrast, mixed-breed cats with concomitant disorders and a low hematocrit count were significant risk factors for FeLV-related hospitalization. The estimated logistic regression models without cross-validation showed areas under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.71 for FIV and 0.67 for FeLV, with 95% CI of [0.66-0.76] and [0.62-0.73], respectively. Cross-validation highlighted high sensitivity but low specificity for both infections, indicating a higher propensity for false positives. When cross-validation was performed for FIV infections, the resulting AUC was 0.66, and the specificity was 0.33 using 10- and 5-fold cross validations. The models for FeLV exhibited similar predictive performance with an AUC of 0.63 and specificity of 0.29, which decreased further with 10- and 5-fold cross validation. Conclusions: This study highlights significant triage-related factors for FIV and FeLV infections, in agreement with existing literature. These findings indicate a need for better clinical vigilance and owner education, mainly on neutering and the risk of outdoor access. Future research should expand to other predictive models and include other variables important to predict FIV and FeLV at the triage stage.

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“…The feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and the feline leukemia virus (FeLV) are among the most important infectious agents affecting domestic cats worldwide [ 1 ]. These viruses belong to the Retroviridae family and cause a persistent lifelong infection impacting the immunocompetence and the health of the infected animals [ 2 , 3 ]. Both retroviruses are mainly transmitted via saliva, and infected cats can develop a variety of clinical conditions, such as secondary infections due to immunosuppression, chronic inflammatory diseases, bone marrow suppression, and neoplasia, especially lymphomas [ 2 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coinfection with Leishmania infantum and Toxoplasma gondii in Domestic Cats from a Region with a High Prevalence of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus

Bezerra,

Haisi,

Rocha

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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The aim of this study was to investigate the coinfection of feline retroviruses (feline immunodeficiency virus—FIV, and the feline leukemia virus—FeLV) with Leishmania infantum and Toxoplasma gondii and the factors associated with these pathogens in domestic cats from Mossoró, a city endemic for canine and human leishmaniasis situated in the semiarid region of Northeast Brazil. Blood samples from 120 cats were collected, and an epidemiological questionnaire was applied to investigate the risk factors associated with the infections. Retroviruses, L. infantum, and T. gondii infections were assessed using a point-of-care ELISA and quantitative PCR (qPCR), indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and qPCR, and IFAT, respectively. The overall seroprevalences observed were 35% (95% CI = 27.0–43.8%) for FIV, 0.8% (95% CI = 0.1–4.5%) for FeLV, 25.8% (95% CI = 18.8–34.3%) for T. gondii, and 4.2% (95% CI = 1.7–9.3%) for L. infantum. Coinfection with FIV and L. infantum was observed in 2.5% (3/120) of the assessed cats, while 12.5% (15/120) were coinfected with FIV and T. gondii. No significant association was found among the investigated agents (p > 0.05). The factors associated with FIV infection in the multivariable analysis were male sex and age above 78 months. The findings of this study demonstrated a high rate of FIV infection in cats from the Brazilian semiarid region and the exposure of these animals to zoonotic and opportunistic agents. Due to the immunosuppressive potential of FIV, cats infected with this retrovirus should be screened for coinfections with L. infantum and T. gondii, and preventative measures should be adopted.

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Feline Immunodeficiency Virus

Cited by 7 publications

References 90 publications

Razotkrivanje stanja: istraživanje prevalencije virusa mačje imunodeficijencije i virusa mačje leukemije među mačkama iz skloništa u Portugalu

Razotkrivanje stanja: istraživanje prevalencije virusa mačje imunodeficijencije i virusa mačje leukemije među mačkama iz skloništa u Portugalu

Developing a Feline Infectious Disease Triage Model: Insights from Logistic Regression Models in Data from a Veterinary Isolation Unit

Coinfection with Leishmania infantum and Toxoplasma gondii in Domestic Cats from a Region with a High Prevalence of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus

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