Feline non-suppurative meningoencephalomyelitis. A clinical and pathological study

Lundgren, A.

doi:10.1016/0021-9975(92)90015-m

Cited by 57 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Epidemiological studies have documented that diverse species of warm-blooded animals including cats possess circulating antibodies to BDV. In cats, a spontaneous non-suppurative meningoencephalomyelitis with clinical signs of ataxia and behavioral abnormalities, referred to as staggering disease (SD), is thought to be a counterpart of Borna-encephalitis, because the prevalence of BDV-specific antibodies seen in these cats is higher than that seen in randomly selected domestic cats, not having neurological disorders [18,20,22,23,28,30,31,34]. Moreover, a feline BDV has been isolated from the central nervous system of cats with SD [24].…”

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confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Circulating Antibodies to p10, a Non-structural Protein of the Borna Disease Virus in Cats with Ataxia.

Ouchi

Kusumoto

Kobayashi

et al. 2001

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Japanese domestic cats were surveyed for circulating antibodies to the p10 and p24 proteins of the Borna disease virus (BDV) by Western blotting. Twenty-four of 52 cats (46.2%) with ataxia and other neurologic symptoms of unknown cause were positive for antibodies to BDV p10 and/or p24. In contrast, cats without neurological symptoms gave a significantly lower prevalence of anti-BDV antibodies to p10 and/or p24 (36 of 152 cats, 23.7%). Thirty specific pathogen-free (SPF) cats tested as controls were uniformly negative to BDV p10 and p24 antigens. These results suggest that BDV may play a role in ataxia in cats. Additionally, our results suggest that it is necessary to use both p10 and p24 as antigens to detect circulating antibodies to BDV in cats. KEY WORDS: anti-BDV antibody, ataxia, Borna disease virus, feline.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 63(12): 1279-1285, 2001 Borna disease (BD) is a progressive encephalomyelitis of horses and sheep caused by infection with the neurotropic Borna disease virus (BDV) that is an enveloped, non-segmented, negative-stranded (NNS) RNA virus [6,8,19,39]. BDV is the prototype genus of the new family of Bornaviridae. Epidemiological studies have documented that diverse species of warm-blooded animals including cats possess circulating antibodies to BDV. In cats, a spontaneous non-suppurative meningoencephalomyelitis with clinical signs of ataxia and behavioral abnormalities, referred to as staggering disease (SD), is thought to be a counterpart of Borna-encephalitis, because the prevalence of BDV-specific antibodies seen in these cats is higher than that seen in randomly selected domestic cats, not having neurological disorders [18,20,22,23,28,30,31,34]. Moreover, a feline BDV has been isolated from the central nervous system of cats with SD [24]. Cats also developed neurological signs and encephalitis when experimentally infected with this feline BDV isolate [21]. These findings support the hypothesis that BDV may correlate with SD in cats.Molecular biological studies on BDV have shown that the BDV antigenome consists of at least 6 open reading frames (ORFs), ORF I to ORF V and ORFx1 [5,9,10]. ORF I encodes the viral nucleoprotein N (p38/40) of 38/40 kDa [25,33,40]. ORF II encodes the phosphoprotein P (p24) of approximately 24 kDa [40,41], and ORF V encodes for a 190-kDa protein that may be the putative viral polymerase L [43]. Studies on the replication of other NNS-RNA viruses have shown that the minimal replicative and infectious unit for these viruses is the ribonucleoprotein containing the genomic RNA that is tightly associated with the N, P and L proteins, whereas the precise nature of the minimal replicative unit of BDV is unclear. Unlike other NNS-RNA viruses, BDV replicates in the nucleus [6,8]. We and others have studied the BDV protein p10 of approximately 10 kDa that is encoded by ORFx1, and translated from mRNA representing the second transcription unit of the BDV genome [27,44]. The p10 are found in brain cells of naturally and experimentally infected animals as well a...

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Prevalence of Circulating Antibodies to p10, a Non-structural Protein of the Borna Disease Virus in Cats with Ataxia.

Ouchi

Kusumoto

Kobayashi

et al. 2001

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…In domestic cats, an characteristic disease of the central nervous system has been observed in Sweden [9]; the dominating clinical sign is an unsteady (staggering) gait. Histopathological examination of the cats showed that the inflammatory reaction of the central nervous system was most pronounced in the grey matter of the brain stem, basal ganglia and hippocampus.…”

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Detection of Anti-Borna Disease Virus Antibodies from Cats in Asian Countries, Japan, Philippines and Indonesia Using Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay.

Horii¹,

Garcia

Noviana

et al. 2001

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Anti-Borna disease virus (BDV) antibodies were detected from cats in Japan, Philippines and Indonesia by using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Positive rates were 3.1%, 3.8% and 2.0% in Japan, Philippines and Indonesia, respectively. There was no differences in the positive rate of anti-BDV antibodies between male and female cats and among habitats. While, a significantly (P<0.05) higher prevalence (6.5%) was found in the oldest age group (more than 6 years) cats. KEY WORDS: Borna disease virus (BDV), electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA), feline.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 63(8): 921-923, 2001 Borna disease is an infectious neurological disease that occurs sporadically in horses and sheep in Central Europe. Borna disease virus (BDV) is a noncytolytic, neurotropic, single strand, negative sense RNA virus that naturally infects a wide range of vertebrate species from birds and rodents to primates [1,3]. BDV can also cause encephalomyelitis in a wide range of experimental animals [5,6,14].In domestic cats, an characteristic disease of the central nervous system has been observed in Sweden [9]; the dominating clinical sign is an unsteady (staggering) gait. Histopathological examination of the cats showed that the inflammatory reaction of the central nervous system was most pronounced in the grey matter of the brain stem, basal ganglia and hippocampus. These changes and laboratory findings including leukopenia and elevations in protein content and white blood cell count of the cerebrospinal fluid in affected cats suggested that staggering disease is infectious and most probably caused by virus. By using an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), anti-BDV antibody has been detected in the cats with typical staggering disease [10,13]. Recently, the high prevalence of BDV infections has been demonstrated in domestic cats with neurological disorders in Japan [11].A seroepidemiological survey of the cat has been done by using IFA and/or Western blot (WB) analysis also in Japan [12]. Since the antibody titers were usually very low in Borna disease, an establishment of sensitive and reliable method to detect a small amount of anti-BDV antibodies is required. Recently, we have developed a new system, electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA), using recombinant BDV p24 and p40 proteins, which has the sensitivity and specificity to serve as a serological screening method for measuring anti-BDV antibodies [16]. In this study we tried to detect anti-BDV antibodies of domestic cats in Asian countries and to compare the prevalence of BDV among the countries.Blood samples were collected from domestic cats at veterinary hospitals of University of Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines; Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia; Osaka, Kitakyushu, Kumamoto and Nagasaki, Japan. Serum samples were stored at -30°C until use.To measure antibody against BDV, ECLIA is performed as previously described [16]. Briefly, micro beads were coated with horse-derived BDV p24 and p40 reco...

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“…Other clinical signs reported in cats with 'staggering disease' that have not been observed in any of the cats described in our study include tremors, seizures, inability to retract the claws, pruritus, fever and constipation. 13,14 Behavioural changes commonly occur in cats with forebrain disease and have been reported in both diseases. The type of histological lesions is consistent with lymphohistiocytic meningoencephalomyelitis in cats with 'staggering' disease, as well as in the cats included in our study; however, the distribution of the infiltrates in the CNS is not entirely the same.…”

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confidence: 99%

Slowly progressive lymphohistiocytic meningoencephalomyelitis in 21 adult cats presenting with peculiar neurological signs

Risio

Brown²,

Tennant

et al. 2012

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Twenty-one cats presented with a history of slowly progressive neurological signs characterised by a stiff extended tail, behavioural changes, and spastic and ataxic gait. All cats had outdoor access and lived in the same geographical rural area in north-east Scotland. Histological findings were consistent with lymphohistiocytic meningoencephalomyelitis. Immunohistochemistry ruled out 15 pathogens and showed a significant expression of the interferon-inducible Mx protein, suggesting an as yet unidentified infective or environmental immunogenic trigger as the possible causative agent. The late age at onset (mean 9 years), the very slow progression of clinical signs (mean 11 months) and the peculiar clinical presentation (particularly the posture of the tail) have not been reported previously in cats with lymphohistiocytic meningoencephalomyelitis.

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Feline non-suppurative meningoencephalomyelitis. A clinical and pathological study

Cited by 57 publications

References 10 publications

Prevalence of Circulating Antibodies to p10, a Non-structural Protein of the Borna Disease Virus in Cats with Ataxia.

Prevalence of Circulating Antibodies to p10, a Non-structural Protein of the Borna Disease Virus in Cats with Ataxia.

Detection of Anti-Borna Disease Virus Antibodies from Cats in Asian Countries, Japan, Philippines and Indonesia Using Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay.

Slowly progressive lymphohistiocytic meningoencephalomyelitis in 21 adult cats presenting with peculiar neurological signs

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