Female and male Texas cichlids (Herichthys cyanoguttatum) do not fight by the same rules

An Examination of Agonistic Interactions in the Whip Spider Phrynus Marginemaculatus (Arachnida, Amblypygi)

“…Most studies of agonistic behavior have focused on aggressive interactions between males; however, female-female contests are also observed in some taxa, for example in cichlids (Draud et al 2004), whip spiders (Weygoldt 1969(Weygoldt , 2000 and pied flycatchers (Dale & Slagsvold 1995). Because males and females employ different strategies to maximize reproductive success, it is not surprising that selection has acted differentially on the sexes to result in different agonistic behaviors between males and females (Draud et al 2004).…”

“…Because males and females employ different strategies to maximize reproductive success, it is not surprising that selection has acted differentially on the sexes to result in different agonistic behaviors between males and females (Draud et al 2004).…”

Fight or flight: agonistic interactions between females of Acanthogonatus centralis Goloboff 1995 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae)

“…Nearly all studies of intraspecific encounters have focused on antagonistic interactions between males; however, female-female contests are also observed in some taxa, for example in cichlids (Draud et al, 2004), whip spiders (Weygoldt, 1969(Weygoldt, , 2000Fowler-Finn and Hebets, 2006), pied flycatchers (Dale and Slagsvold, 1995), and spiders (Nossek and Rovner, 1984;Hodge, 1987;Jackson and Whitehouse, 1989;Fernández-Montraveta and Ortega, 1990). Because males and females adopt different strategies to maximize reproductive success, selection has acted differentially on the sexes to result in different agonistic behaviors between males and females (Draud et al, 2004;Fowler-Finn and Hebets, 2006).…”

“…Because males and females adopt different strategies to maximize reproductive success, selection has acted differentially on the sexes to result in different agonistic behaviors between males and females (Draud et al, 2004;Fowler-Finn and Hebets, 2006). Additionally, the majority of studies of intrasexual contests have also centered on animals that rely primarily on vision, e.g., jumping spiders (Jackson and Whitehouse, 1989;Faber and Baylis, 1993;Taylor et al, 2001;Lim and Li, 2004).…”

Territoriality and landscape of aggression.

“…Both sexes presumably benefit from holding a territory (Quinard and Cezilly 2012), but most studies of territorial behavior have focused on agonistic interactions between individuals of one sex, usually males. Males are typically more overtly aggressive (Maccoby and Jacklin 1974;Coie and Dodge 1997;Akin 1998;Draud et al 2004;Fedy and Stutchbury 2005;Buss 2005), making their interactions easier to observe and study, and researchers have documented agonistic interactions between males in numerous vertebrate and invertebrate taxa (e.g. molluscs, Rollo and Wellington 1979;insects, Davies 1978, Alcock 1983fish, Thresher 1979;amphibians, Jaeger et al 1983, Kluge 1981reptiles, Barker et al 1979;birds, Foster 1981;mammals, Miller 1974).…”