Female circumcision: obstetrical and psychological sequelae continues unabated in the 21st century

Abstract

Female circumcision is associated with adverse materno-fetal outcome and psychiatric sequelae. Many will need psychiatric as well as gynecological care.

Female genital cutting: current practices and beliefs in western Africa

“…11 Other reproductive health complications can include obstructed menstruation, difficulty conceiving, prolonged labour, tearing of tissues during delivery and neonatal death. 8,[11][12][13][14][15][16] Psychiatric sequelae such as flashbacks to the event, affective disorders and post-traumatic stress disorders can also affect women throughout their lives. 8,12,13 Despite the risks associated with FGC, the peer-reviewed literature on the prevalence and predictors of FGC is sparse.…”

“…8,[11][12][13][14][15][16] Psychiatric sequelae such as flashbacks to the event, affective disorders and post-traumatic stress disorders can also affect women throughout their lives. 8,12,13 Despite the risks associated with FGC, the peer-reviewed literature on the prevalence and predictors of FGC is sparse. Studies from Egypt and Ethiopia give FGC prevalences of approximately 85% and 70%, respectively, 17,18 and several qualitative and anthropological studies have examined the underlying context for FGC.…”

Proposal for Nursing Diagnosis: Post Female Genital Mutilation Syndrome

“…En estos casos, la episiotomía es necesaria debido a la pérdida de elasticidad del vestíbulo vaginal como resultado de la cicatrización (14,16) . Además, el trabajo del parto suele ser muy prolongado en las mujeres infibuladas, lo que favorece la aparición de fístulas obstétricas como consecuencia de la presión de la cabeza del feto sobre la pared vaginal y sobre los órganos adyacentes (15,17) .…”

Clinical indications for cesarean delivery among women living with female genital mutilation

“…The impact of FGM on obstetric outcomes has been investigated 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. Compared with women without FGM, evidence suggests that women living with FGM have an increased risk of cesarean delivery, postpartum hemorrhage, episiotomy, extended maternal hospital admission, infant resuscitation, and inpatient perinatal death 8, 11, 12, 13.…”