Female employment following childbirth: differences between native and immigrant women in Switzerland

Vidal-Coso, Elena

doi:10.1080/1369183x.2018.1444983

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Another important avenue for future research is to consider other aspects of mothers’ social location. Although educational attainment dominates cross-national studies of women’s employment, single-country studies document differences in maternal employment and family policy uptake by race, ethnicity, and nativity (Kil et al 2018; Kil, Wood, and Neels 2018; Lu, Wang, and Han 2017; Vidal-Coso 2019). Given the challenges inherent in incorporating country-specific patterns and meanings of race, ethnicity, and nativity in a cross-national design, most work in this area is in the form of single-country studies or two-country comparisons (Pettit and Hook 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

National Family Policies and Mothers’ Employment: How Earnings Inequality Shapes Policy Effects across and within Countries

Hook

Paek

2020

Am Sociol Rev

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Although researchers generally agree that national family policies play a role in shaping mothers’ employment, there is considerable debate about whether, how, and why policy effects vary across country contexts and within countries by mothers’ educational attainment. We hypothesize that family policies interact with national levels of earnings inequality to differentially affect mothers’ employment outcomes by educational attainment. We develop hypotheses about the two most commonly studied family policies—early childhood education and care (ECEC) and paid parental leave. We test these hypotheses by establishing a novel linkage between the EU-Labour Force Survey and the Current Population Survey 1999 to 2016 ( n = 23 countries, 299 country-years, 1.2 million mothers of young children), combined with an original collection of country-year indicators. Using multilevel models, we find that ECEC spending is associated with a greater likelihood of maternal employment, but the association is strongest for non-college-educated mothers in high-inequality settings. The length of paid parental leave over six months is generally associated with a lower likelihood of maternal employment, but the association is most pronounced for mothers in high-inequality settings. We call for greater attention to the role of earnings inequality in shaping mothers’ employment and conditioning policy effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

National Family Policies and Mothers’ Employment: How Earnings Inequality Shapes Policy Effects across and within Countries

Hook

Paek

2020

Am Sociol Rev

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“…However, labour market attachment among migrant women, especially from Africa and Asia, is lower than for non-migrant women [ 41 ]. Mothers in particular may have a stronger preference to stay at home and care for one’s children [ 66 ]. Migrants may also struggle to enter the workforce due to lack of, or differences in, formal qualifications as well as discrimination [ 67 , 68 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between motherhood and use of mental health care services among married migrant and non-migrant women: a national register study

et al. 2022

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Background Giving birth to one’s first child is a life changing event. Beyond the post-partum period, little is known about the association between becoming a mother and mental disorder among migrant women. This study investigates outpatient mental health (OPMH) service use, a proxy for mental disorder, among married migrant and non-migrant women who become mothers and those who do not. Methods Using Norwegian register data, we followed 90,195 married women, aged 18-40 years, with no children at baseline between 2008-2013 to see if becoming a mother was associated with OPMH service use. Data were analysed using discrete time analyses. Results We found an interaction between motherhood and migrant category. Married non-migrant mothers, both in the perinatal period and beyond, had lower odds of OPMH use than married non-mothers. There was no association between motherhood and OPMH service use for migrants. However, there was no significant interaction between motherhood and migrant category when we excluded women who had been in Norway less than five years. Among women aged 25-40 years, a stable labour market attachment was associated with lower odds of OPMH use for non-migrants but not migrants, regardless of motherhood status. Conclusions The perinatal period is not associated with increased odds of OPMH use and appears to be associated with lower odds for married non-migrant women. Selection effects and barriers to care may explain the lack of difference in OPMH service use that we found across motherhood status and labour market attachment for married migrant women. Married migrant women in general have a lower level of OPMH use than married non-migrants. Married migrant women with less than five years in Norway and those with no/weak labour market attachment may experience the greatest barriers to care. Further research to bridge the gap between need for, and use of, mental health care among migrant women is required.

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“…By considering within-individual changes in women's contractual working hours from 1 year before the transition to parenthood to 3 years after, we control for timeconstant (un)observed heterogeneity between native and migrant origin women, in a way more rigorous than previous studies (Holland and de Valk 2017;Kil et al 2018; Rubin et al 2008;Vidal-Coso 2019). In line with prior research for Belgium (Kil et al 2018), the stratification in terms of observed pre-birth labour market positions seems to suggest that the birth of a first child has a stronger impact on the labour market participation of migrant origin women compared to native women, with the largest difference for Turkish or Moroccan origin women (which would seemingly confirm H1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using crosssectional data it is cumbersome, however, to disentangle the effect of family formation on employment from the effect of employment on family formation, and the crosssectional comparison of employment positions between women with and without children also includes the selective subset of women who will never enter parenthood. Recent studies have therefore increasingly turned to longitudinal data and find that migrant origin women-particularly of non-European origin-are more likely than native women to leave employment after the birth of their first child (Kil et al 2018;Vidal-Coso 2019). However, unless accounted for, comparing employment positions of women entering motherhood over time pools between-and within-subject variation, implying that unobserved individual-level differences between migrants and natives may still bias the estimated effects of childbearing on employment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Path-Dependencies in Employment Trajectories Around Motherhood: Comparing Native Versus Second-Generation Migrant Women in Belgium

Maes

Wood

Neels

2021

Int. Migration & Integration

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A sizeable body of literature has shown that the migrant-native employment gap is larger among women with children than among childless women, suggesting that the transition to parenthood has a stronger impact on the employment trajectories of migrant origin women compared to those of native women. However, due to the limited use of longitudinal data, our understanding of the mechanisms generating differential employment trajectories around the transition to parenthood remains limited. This study adopts a life course perspective to address path-dependencies in employment trajectories around the transition to motherhood. Using longitudinal data and fixed-effects models that compare within-individual changes in contractual working hours around the transition to parenthood between natives and second-generation migrants of Southern European and Turkish or Moroccan origin in Belgium, we find no migrant-native differentials among women with low employment rates before the birth of their first child and only limited differentials in employment trajectories around parenthood among women with medium and high employment rates before parenthood. This indicates that there is a strong path-dependency of employment trajectories around parenthood for migrant women and natives alike, but that second-generation migrant women generally have a lower pre-birth labour market attachment than native women which accounts for the frequently observed migrant-native differentials in maternal employment.

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Female employment following childbirth: differences between native and immigrant women in Switzerland

Cited by 13 publications

References 36 publications

National Family Policies and Mothers’ Employment: How Earnings Inequality Shapes Policy Effects across and within Countries

National Family Policies and Mothers’ Employment: How Earnings Inequality Shapes Policy Effects across and within Countries

The relationship between motherhood and use of mental health care services among married migrant and non-migrant women: a national register study

Path-Dependencies in Employment Trajectories Around Motherhood: Comparing Native Versus Second-Generation Migrant Women in Belgium

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