This manuscript is the first attempt to apply human behavior theory to examine emerging trends and issues for rural elderly women. Despite a fair amount of recent descriptive information, there is a need for a cohesive theoretical framework to interpret empirical findings, inform practice, and direct future research inquiry. A multidimensional framework is set forth as a cohesive lens from which to evaluate the literature. The article concludes by outlining the implications for the social work educational curriculum, ethical considerations, and future research needs.Social work education incorporates the advancement of knowledge about populations-at-risk, to prepare practitioners who are committed to serving people most vulnerable to the effects of poverty, oppression, and discrimination (Commission on Accreditation, 1994). However, amidst the range of populations receiving special emphasis in the social work cur-Michael