Female gender is associated with long COVID syndrome: a prospective cohort study

Bai, Francesca; Tomasoni, Daniele; Falcinella, Camilla; Barbanotti, Diletta; Castoldi, Roberto; Mulè, Giovanni; Augello, Matteo; Mondatore, Debora; Allegrini, Marina; Cona, Andrea; Tesoro, Daniele; Tagliaferri, G; Viganò, Ottavia; Suardi, Elisa; Tincati, Camilla; Beringheli, Tomaso; Varisco, Benedetta; Battistini, Chiara; Piscopo, Kyrie; Vegni, Elena; Tavelli, Alessandro; Terzoni, Stefano; Marchetti, Giulia; Monforte, Antonella d’Arminio

doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2021.11.002

Cited by 413 publications

(360 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

289

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…As confirmed by other authors, female sex, and comorbidities were strongly related to long-COVID19 syndrome ( 4 – 6 , 9 , 12 , 14 , 17 , 20 , 21 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Patient-Reported Symptoms and Sequelae 12 Months After COVID-19 in Hospitalized Adults: A Multicenter Long-Term Follow-Up Study

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectiveOur knowledge on the long-term consequences of COVID-19 is still scarce despite the clinical relevance of persisting syndrome. The aim of this study was to analyze patient-reported outcomes, including assessment by specific questionnaires of health impairment and symptoms.MethodsThis is a prospective, observational and multicenter cohort study coordinated by Fondazione IRCSS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano and Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS including eight hospitals located in North and Central Italy. A telephone interview to assess rehospitalization, access to health care resources, general health status subjective evaluation, and symptoms was performed at 12 months after the discharge in patients admitted to hospital because of COVID-19 from February 2020 to the end of May 2020.ResultsAmong the 776 patients discharged alive, 44 (5.7%) died, 456 subjects (58.8%) completed the questionnaire and 276 (35.6%) were not reachable or refused to join the telephone interview. The mean age of the study population was 59.4 years (SD 14.1), 69.8% of individuals needed oxygen support during hospitalization and 10.4% were admitted to ICU. Overall, 91.7% of participants reported at least one symptom/sequela at 12 months. Exertional dyspnea (71.7%), fatigue (54.6%), and gastrointestinal symptoms (32.8%) were the most reported ones. Health issues after discharge including hospitalization or access to emergency room were described by 19.4% of subjects. Female and presence of comorbidities were independent predictors of whealth impairment and presence of ≥2 symptoms/sequelae after 12 months from hospitalization for COVID-19.ConclusionsPatient-reported symptoms and sequelae, principally dyspnea and fatigue, are found in most individuals even 12 months from COVID-19 hospitalization. Long-term follow-up based on patient-centered outcome can contribute to plan tailored interventions.

show abstract

“…As confirmed by other authors, female sex, and comorbidities were strongly related to long-COVID19 syndrome ( 4 – 6 , 9 , 12 , 14 , 17 , 20 , 21 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Patient-Reported Symptoms and Sequelae 12 Months After COVID-19 in Hospitalized Adults: A Multicenter Long-Term Follow-Up Study

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Epidemiologists surveyed the patient groups and found that most patients developed at least one long-term symptom [ 6 , 9 ]. Women were more likely to develop long COVID than men; elderly people were more likely to develop long COVID than young people [ 57 ]; and existing comorbidity and BMI index were also associated with long COVID [ 58 , 59 ]. Children are a special group.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Trends and Research Hotspots in Long COVID: A Bibliometric Analysis

Jin

Fan

2022

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Long COVID is a condition distinguished by long-term sequelae that occur or persist after the convalescence period of COVID-19. During the COVID-19 pandemic, more and more people who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 experienced long COVID, which attracted the attention of researchers. This study aims to assess the pattern of long COVID research literature, analyze the research topics, and provide insights on long COVID. In this study, we extracted 784 publications from Scopus in the field of long COVID. According to bibliometric analysis, it is found that: developed countries in Europe and America were in leading positions in terms of paper productivity and citations. The International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health and the Journal of Clinical Medicine were leading journals in the perspective of publications count, and Nature Medicine had the highest number of citations. Author Greenhalgh T has the highest number of papers and citations. The main research topics were: pathophysiology, symptoms, treatment, and epidemiology. The causes of long COVID may be related to organ injury, inflammation, maladaptation of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) pathway, and mental factors. The symptoms are varied, including physical and psychological symptoms. Treatment options vary from person to person. Most patients developed at least one long-term symptom. Finally, we presented some possible research opportunities.

show abstract

“…In fact, a recent meta-analysis of 55 studies [ 47 ] found that males were more likely to be infected with COVID-19 and go into serious condition (OR = 2.41, p < 0.00001) than females, confirming what emerged from previous reviews [ 48 , 49 ]. Proposed explanations for these differences include the protective effect of the X chromosome and sex hormones, which play an important role in innate and adaptive immunity, and the stronger IgG antibody production found in early-stage women [ 47 , 50 ]. Other hypothesized reasons are related to the higher mortality of males during the acute phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic Factors for Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Maglietta

Diodati

Puntoni

et al. 2022

JCM

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Evidence shows that a substantial proportion of patients with COVID-19 experiences long-term consequences of the disease, but the predisposing factors are poorly understood. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify factors present during COVID-19 hospitalization associated with an increased risk of exhibiting new or persisting symptoms (Post-COVID-19 Syndrome, PCS). MedLine and WebOfScience were last searched on 30 September 2021. We included English language clinical trials and observational studies investigating prognostic factors for PCS in adults previously hospitalized for COVID-19, reporting at least one individual prospective follow-up of minimum 12 weeks. Two authors independently assessed risk of bias, which was judged generally moderate. Risk factors were included in the analysis if their association with PCS was investigated by at least two studies. To summarize the prognostic effect of each factor (or group of factors), odds ratios were estimated using raw data. Overall, 20 articles met the inclusion criteria, involving 13,340 patients. Associations were statistically significant for two factors: female sex with any symptoms (OR 1.52; 95% CI 1.27–1.82), with mental health symptoms (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.21–2.29) and with fatigue (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.32–1.79); acute disease severity with respiratory symptoms (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.03–2.68). The I² statistics tests were calculated to quantify the degree of study heterogeneity. This is the first meta-analysis measuring the association between factors present during COVID-19 hospitalization and long-term sequelae. The role of female sex and acute disease severity as independent prognostic factors must be confirmed in robust longitudinal studies with longer follow-up. Identifying populations at greatest risk for PCS can enable the development of targeted prevention and management strategies. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42021253467.

show abstract

Female gender is associated with long COVID syndrome: a prospective cohort study

Cited by 413 publications

References 33 publications

Patient-Reported Symptoms and Sequelae 12 Months After COVID-19 in Hospitalized Adults: A Multicenter Long-Term Follow-Up Study

Patient-Reported Symptoms and Sequelae 12 Months After COVID-19 in Hospitalized Adults: A Multicenter Long-Term Follow-Up Study

Global Trends and Research Hotspots in Long COVID: A Bibliometric Analysis

Prognostic Factors for Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About