Female genital schistosomiasis and HIV/AIDS: Reversing the neglect of girls and women

Hotez, Peter J.; Harrison, Wendy; Fenwick, Alan; Bustinduy, Amaya L.; Ducker, Camilla; Mbabazi, Pamela Sabina; Engels, Dirk; Kjetland, Eyrun Floerecke

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0007025

Cited by 57 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Results in the literature regarding the interaction between HIV and schistosomiasis are conflicting. Some studies have found an increased risk of HIV transmission in schistosomiasis infected individuals [ 44 – 46 ], which is especially severe for women affected by genital schistosomiasis [ 8 ]. However, microscopic diagnosis of schistosomiasis in HIV infected individuals appears to lack sensitivity [ 47 , 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequences of urinary schistosomiasis include hematuria, dysuria, bladder scarring, chronic urinary tract infection and possibly bladder cancer [5,6]. Up to three-quarters of women with S. haematobium infection are estimated to suffer from female genital schistosomiasis when eggs accumulate in the vagina, cervix, uterus or fallopian tubes [7][8][9]. Environmental conditions that are permissive to the development of intermediate host snails are important factors for schistosomiasis transmission in endemic regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Schistosoma haematobium infection and environmental factors in Southwestern Tanzania: A cross-sectional, population-based study

Manz

Kroidl

Clowes³

et al. 2020

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Schistosomiasis is a leading cause of morbidity in Africa. Understanding the disease ecology and environmental factors that influence its distribution is important to guide control efforts. Geographic information systems have increasingly been used in the field of schistosomiasis environmental epidemiology. This study reports prevalences of Schistosoma haematobium infection and uses remotely sensed and questionnaire data from over 17000 participants to identify environmental and socio-demographic factors that are associated with this parasitic infection. Data regarding socio-demographic status and S. haematobium infection were obtained between May 2006 and May 2007 from 17280 participants (53% females, median age = 17 years) in the Mbeya Region, Tanzania. Combined with remotely sensed environmental data (vegetation cover, altitude, rainfall etc.) this data was analyzed to identify environmental and socio-demographic factors associated with S. haematobium infection, using mixed effects logistic regression and geostatistical modelling. The overall prevalence of S. haematobium infection was 5.3% (95% confidence interval (CI): 5.0-5.6%). Multivariable analysis revealed increased odds of infection for school-aged children (5-15 years, odds ratio (OR)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosoma haematobium infection and environmental factors in Southwestern Tanzania: A cross-sectional, population-based study

Manz

Kroidl

Clowes³

et al. 2020

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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“…But it would not only decrease NTDs infections, it would also diminish other health complications, such as HIV, epilepsy or cancer. As example, genital schistosomiasis has been observed to quadruple the chances of HIV infection [91], neurocisticercosis is associated with 30% of the global epilepsy [92], and S. haematobium control has been associated with bladder cancer decline [93]. Hence, identifying its infection and reducing transmission could enhance other population health conditions and reduce national health spending.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency and distribution of neglected tropical diseases in Mozambique: a systematic review

et al. 2019

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BackgroundNeglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect more than one billion people living in vulnerable conditions. In spite of initiatives recently contributing to fill NTDs gaps on national and local prevalence and distribution, more epidemiological data are still needed for effective control and elimination interventions.Main textMozambique is considered one of the countries with highest NTDs burden although available data is scarce. This study aims to conduct a systematic review on published available data about the burden and distribution of the different NTDs across Mozambique since January 1950 until December 2018. We identified manuscripts from electronic databases (Pubmed, EmBase and Global Health) and paper publications and grey literature from Mozambique Ministry of Health. Manuscripts fulfilling inclusion criteria were: cross-sectional studies, ecological studies, cohorts, reports, systematic reviews, and narrative reviews capturing epidemiological information of endemic NTDs in Mozambique. Case-control studies, letters to editor, case reports and case series of imported cases were excluded. A total of 466 manuscripts were initially identified and 98 were finally included after the revision following PRISMA guidelines. Eleven NTDs were reported in Mozambique during the study span. Northern provinces (Nampula, Cabo Delgado, Niassa, Tete and Zambezia) and Maputo province had the higher number of NTDs detected. Every disease had their own report profile: while schistosomiasis have been continuously reported since 1952 until nowadays, onchocerciasis and cysticercosis last available data is from 2007 and Echinococcosis have never been evaluated in the country. Thus, both space and time gaps on NTDs epidemiology have been identified.ConclusionsThis review assembles NTDs burden and distribution in Mozambique. Thus, contributes to the understanding of NTDs epidemiology in Mozambique and highlights knowledge gaps. Hence, the study provides key elements to progress towards the control and interruption of transmission of these diseases in the country.

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“…The mortality associated with schistosomal infections is difficult to calculate. Comorbidities linked to anemia are common, and infection with S. haematobium can lead to female genital schistosomiasis, which results in increased susceptibility to HIV infection [65].…”

Section: Schistosomiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Reassessing therapeutic antibodies for neglected and tropical diseases

et al. 2020

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In the past two decades there has been a significant expansion in the number of new therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that are approved by regulators. The discovery of these new medicines has been driven primarily by new approaches in inflammatory diseases and oncology, especially in immuno-oncology. Other recent successes have included new antibodies for use in viral diseases, including HIV. The perception of very high costs associated with mAbs has led to the assumption that they play no role in prophylaxis for diseases of poverty. However, improvements in antibody-expression yields and manufacturing processes indicate this is a cost-effective option for providing protection from many types of infection that should be revisited. Recent technology developments also indicate that several months of protection could be achieved with a single dose. Moreover, new methods in B cell sorting now enable the systematic identification of high-quality antibodies from humanized mice, or patients. This Review discusses the potential for passive immunization against schistosomiasis, fungal infections, dengue, and other neglected diseases.PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases | https://doi.interactions have proved difficult to block. In addition, there has been great progress in the development of technology. Early generations of antibodies for human use were developed from mAbs developed in mice, antibodies that were then humanized. Recently, the technology used peptide and antibody display on phages, for which part of the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Sir Gregory P. Winter [6]. More recently, new technologies have been developed to clone antibodies from memory B cells [7] or plasma B cells [8, 9], allowing the isolation of individual antibodies from patients with viral infections-approaches that can be applied to any infectious disease.A second reason for the popularity of antibodies in recent years is their success rate in clinical development. Once an antibody reaches testing in humans, it has a success rate of 17% to 25% for approval as a new medicine [10], compared with 5% to 10% for small molecules. This success rate is partly due to the exquisite selectivity of mAbs, enabling them to distinguish between closely related molecular targets. In the case of infectious disease, this selectivity can be absolute, since antibodies can be generated that are specific for the invading pathogen and do not cross-react with host tissues. This lack of cross-reactivity with human tissue can be confirmed by immunohistochemistry on both adult and embryonic tissues prior to the start of clinical trials. This is in stark contrast to small molecules, in which sometimes unexpected onand off-target safety signals are frequently seen in the later stages of clinical development, resulting in expensive late-stage attrition. In addition, antibodies show a relatively narrow range of variation in pharmacokinetic exposure, facilitating early estimation of the human effective dose. This is unlike true xenobiotics, whose metabolism an...

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Female genital schistosomiasis and HIV/AIDS: Reversing the neglect of girls and women

Cited by 57 publications

References 37 publications

Schistosoma haematobium infection and environmental factors in Southwestern Tanzania: A cross-sectional, population-based study

Schistosoma haematobium infection and environmental factors in Southwestern Tanzania: A cross-sectional, population-based study

Frequency and distribution of neglected tropical diseases in Mozambique: a systematic review

Reassessing therapeutic antibodies for neglected and tropical diseases

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