“…The link between gender and communication remains complex because other factors, such as learning formats (e.g., small groups, lectures), class size, and teaching techniques (e.g., probing questions, praise), interact with gender (both the faculty's and students') to affect men's and women's in-class discussion patterns (Brady & Eisler, 1999;Fassinger, 1996;Hutchinson & Beadle, 1992;Menzell & Carrell, 1999;Nunn, 1996). Relationships outside the classroom that enhance the availability of and familiarity with faculty (e.g., mentoring) also influence class discussions (Schroeder & Mynatt, 1999). Nonetheless, as Bergvall and Remlinger (1996) argued, classroom discussions provide an arena in which to explore content and serve as processes that reproduce normative social values, attitudes, and beliefs.…”