Female infertility in the era of obesity: The clash of two pandemics or inevitable consequence?

Medenica, Sanja; Spoltore, Maria Elena; Ormazábal, Paulina; Marina, Ljiljana; Sojat, Antoan Stefan; Faggiano, Antongiulio; Gnessi, Lucio; Mazzilli, Rossella; Watanabe, Mikiko

doi:10.1111/cen.14785

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…Certainly, the key mechanism underlying the correlation between diabetes and infertility lies in the hyperinsulinemia discussed previously 48 . Interestingly, when it comes to IVF outcomes in women with PCOS, they tend to conduct better than subjects with no PCOS, whereas women with dysmetabolic infertility and obesity have poorer outcomes compared to normal‐weight subjects 49 . Therefore, improved metabolic profiles in women with PCOS would result in improved clinical outcomes 49 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of coenzyme Q10 intake on metabolic profiles in women candidates for in-vitro fertilization: a randomised trial

Ahmadi Asouri,

Asemi,

Aghadavod

et al. 2024

Annals of Medicine &Amp; Surgery

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Objective: Infertility and the pathogenesis of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) are both influenced by insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Presumably, adding CoQ10 to these patients’ diets will be beneficial. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of CoQ10 supplementation on metabolic profiles in women candidates for in vitro fertilization (IVF). Trial design and methods: For this randomized, double-blinded, parallel, placebo-controlled clinical experiment, 40 PCOS-positive infertile women who were IVF candidates were included. They ranged in age from 18 to 40. The 20 participants in the two intervention groups received either CoQ10 or a placebo for 8 weeks. The expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) as well as metabolic profiles such as insulin metabolism and lipid profiles were evaluated. Quantitative RT-PCR determined the expression of GLUT-1, PPAR-γ, and LDLR on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Lipid profiles and fasting glucose were assessed using enzymatic kits and insulin was determined using Elisa kit. Results: In comparison to the placebo, CoQ10 supplementation significantly reduced blood insulin levels (-0.3±1.0 vs. 0.5±0.7, P=0.01) and insulin resistance (-0.1±0.2 vs. 0.1±0.2, P=0.01), and increased PPAR-γ expression (P=0.01). In infertile PCOS patients’ candidates for IVF, CoQ10 supplementation showed no appreciable impact on other metabolic profiles. Also, CoQ10 supplementation revealed no significant impact on GLUT-1 (P=0.30), or LDLR (P=0.27) expression. Within-group changes in insulin levels (P=0.01) and insulin resistance (P=0.01) showed a significant elevation in the placebo group. When we adjusted the analysis for baseline BMI, baseline values of variables, and age, our findings were not affected. Conclusions: Eight weeks of CoQ10 supplementation demonstrated positive benefits on PPAR-γ expression, insulin resistance, and serum insulin in infertile PCOS women candidates for IVF.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of coenzyme Q10 intake on metabolic profiles in women candidates for in-vitro fertilization: a randomised trial

Ahmadi Asouri,

Asemi,

Aghadavod

et al. 2024

Annals of Medicine &Amp; Surgery

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“…Insulin resistance, along with obesity, harms reproduction [ 99 , 100 ]. Pancreatic β-cells of islets of Langerhans are stimulated by adipose tissue to cause the release of insulin [ 101 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity: A Doorway to a Molecular Path Leading to Infertility

Ahmad¹,

Haque²

2022

Cureus

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The dramatic rise in obesity has recently made it a global health issue. About 1.9 billion were overweight, and 650 million global populations were obese in 2016. Obese women suffer longer conception time, lowered fertility rates, and greater rates of miscarriage. Obesity alters hormones such as adiponectin and leptin, affecting all levels within the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) are inflammatory cytokines that may play an important role in the pathophysiology of ovarian dysfunction in obesity. In obese males, there are altered sperm parameters, reduced testosterone, increased estradiol, hypogonadism, and epigenetic modifications transmitted to offspring. The focus of this article is on the possible adverse effects on reproductive health resulting from obesity and sheds light on different molecular pathways linking obesity with infertility in both female and male subjects. Electronic databases such as Google Scholar, Embase, Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Search Engine were utilized to find obesity and infertility-related papers. The search strategy is detailed in the method section. Even though multiple research work has shown that obesity impacts fertility in both male and female negatively, it is significant to perform extensive research on the molecular mechanisms that link obesity to infertility. This is to find therapeutics that may be developed aiming at these mechanisms to manage and prevent the negative effects of obesity on the reproductive system.

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“…Since overt hypercortisolism leads to metabolic manifestations such as visceral fat accumulation, hypertension and diabetes [ 10 ], the HPA axis was suggested as a contributor to metabolic dysregulation in obesity. Obesity is also often associated with a broad spectrum of different stressogenic factors, such as infertility, since the women seeking pregnancy are older and heavier than what was observed before [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of very low-calorie ketogenic diet on hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system

Barrea

Verde

Camajani³

et al. 2023

J Endocrinol Invest

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Background The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is a neuroendocrine system involved in controlling stress responses in humans under physiological and pathological conditions; cortisol is the main hormone produced by the HPA axis. It is known that calorie restriction acts as a stressor and can lead to an increase in cortisol production. Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) is a complex endocrine network regulating blood pressure and hydrosaline metabolism, whose final hormonal effector is aldosterone. RAAS activation is linked to cardiometabolic diseases, such as heart failure and obesity. Obesity has become a leading worldwide pandemic, associated with serious health outcomes. Calorie restriction represents a pivotal strategy to tackle obesity. On the other hand, it is well known that an increased activity of the HPA may favour visceral adipose tissue expansion, which may jeopardize a successful diet-induced weight loss. Very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) is a normoprotein diet with a drastic reduction of the carbohydrate content and total calorie intake. Thanks to its sustained protein content, VLCKD is extremely effective to reduce adipose tissue while preserving lean body mass and resting metabolic rate. Purpose The purpose of this narrative review is to gain more insights on the effects of VLCKD on the HPA axis and RAAS, in different phases of weight loss and in different clinical settings.

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Female infertility in the era of obesity: The clash of two pandemics or inevitable consequence?

Cited by 13 publications

References 146 publications

The effect of coenzyme Q10 intake on metabolic profiles in women candidates for in-vitro fertilization: a randomised trial

The effect of coenzyme Q10 intake on metabolic profiles in women candidates for in-vitro fertilization: a randomised trial

Obesity: A Doorway to a Molecular Path Leading to Infertility

Effects of very low-calorie ketogenic diet on hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system

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