Female Juvenile Risk

Emeka, Traqina Q.; Sorensen, Jon R.

doi:10.1177/1541204009334083

Cited by 27 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The present study comprised adult women. As it has been reported that the group of adolescent female offenders is growing, there is an urgent need to conduct more studies into the value of risk assessment and management in girls and young women (see also Emeka & Sorensen, 2009; Moretti et al, 2005). A recent meta-analysis found good results for an actuarial tool, the Youth Level of Service (YLS) for both male and female juvenile offenders (Pusch & Holtfreter, 2017).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender-Sensitive Violence Risk Assessment: Predictive Validity of Six Tools in Female Forensic Psychiatric Patients

Vogel

Bruggeman

Lancel

2019

Criminal Justice and Behavior

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Most violence risk assessment tools have been validated predominantly in males. In this multicenter study, the Historical, Clinical, Risk Management-20 (HCR-20), Historical, Clinical, Risk Management-20 Version 3 (HCR-20 V3), Female Additional Manual (FAM), Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START), Structured Assessment of Protective Factors for violence risk (SAPROF), and Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) were coded on file information of 78 female forensic psychiatric patients discharged between 1993 and 2012 with a mean follow-up period of 11.8 years from one of four Dutch forensic psychiatric hospitals. Notable was the high rate of mortality (17.9%) and readmission to psychiatric settings (11.5%) after discharge. Official reconviction data could be retrieved from the Ministry of Justice and Security for 71 women. Twenty-four women (33.8%) were reconvicted after discharge, including 13 for violent offenses (18.3%). Overall, predictive validity was moderate for all types of recidivism, but low for violence. The START Vulnerability scores, HCR-20 V3 , and FAM showed the highest predictive accuracy for all recidivism. With respect to violent recidivism, only the START Vulnerability scores and the Clinical scale of the HCR-20 V3 demonstrated significant predictive accuracy.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender-Sensitive Violence Risk Assessment: Predictive Validity of Six Tools in Female Forensic Psychiatric Patients

Vogel

Bruggeman

Lancel

2019

Criminal Justice and Behavior

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“…With respect to gender, it is increasing well established that there are precursors and pathways to crime that characterise young females more so than males. Family problems, maltreatment and abuse are frequently mentioned as propelling girls and young women into a range of risky and anti-social behaviors (Belknap & Holsinger, 2006;Emeka & Sorensen, 2009;Odgers, Robins, & Russel, 2010). The current study showed that content breadth in the family and living circumstances domain is sufficient to reflect some aspects of this pattern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consistent with this, anti-social values in family (an item in the family risk domain) was endorsed for 47.3% of the Indigenous youth, 22.2% of Australian youth and 14.4% of Ethnic. Anti-social values and attitudes are a key ingredient of criminality (Andrews, Bonta, & Wormith, 2006;Emeka & Sorensen, 2009). Nevertheless, prejudice can lead to negative stereotypes about members of marginalised groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subgroup differences and implications for contemporary risk-need assessment with juvenile offenders.

Thompson

McGrath

2012

Law and Human Behavior

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Risk-need assessment is widely accepted as best practice with juvenile offenders and is underpinned by a healthy research literature on risk assessment inventories. Previous studies have found both similarities and differences on risk measures when gender and racial/ethnic subgroups have been compared. Differential validity has been examined, but differential prediction has been overlooked. The current study undertook gender and ethnic comparisons for a large sample (n = 3568) of community-based juvenile offenders who were evaluated using the Australian Adaptation of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI-AA). Analyses showed various gender and ethnic differences at the item level, across domain scores and on the total inventory score, but not for validity indices. However, 1-year reoffending rates for youth in three classification categories (low, moderate, high) varied by gender and ethnicity. The findings were related to contemporary understandings of the risk factors for offending and the dynamics of crime for gender/ethnic subgroups. It is argued that in spite of these subgroup differences, a generic inventory such as the YLS/CMI-AA can be used fairly with various subgroups. Recommendations for how this could be accomplished are provided.

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“…Doing so would aid practitioners to decide which elements are most relevant to female or male offenders as well as help interpret gender-specific differences and adjust risk management strategies accordingly. These contradictory results lead to the question of whether or not there is a need to differentiate between sex in criminology and risk prediction studies, or whether indicators should be taken as equally useful regardless of sex (Emeka & Sorensen, 2009). This issue is paramount as it has a major impact on the way treatments are carried out.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in child to parent violence risk factors

2020

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La violencia filio-parental (VFP) ha suscitado un enorme interés académico. Pese a ello, pocos estudios comparan los factores de riesgo de chicos y chicas implicados en estas agresiones a sus progenitores. El presente trabajo compara 56 chicos y 35 chicas agresores evaluados con la Guía para la Valoración del Riesgo de Violencia Filio-Parental (RVFP). Las chicas provenían de forma significativa de contextos más problemáticos (con bidireccionalidad de la violencia, violencia entre los progenitores, problemas de convivencia y problemas en los progenitores) y tenían significativamente menos autoestima. Los chicos presentaron significativamente más historial de problemas de abusos de sustancias y mayor escalada en la violencia. En conjunto, ambos sexos presentaban prevalencias similares en la mayoría de las variables, su violencia era comparable (aunque las lesiones a los padres fueron exclusivas de los chicos) y las familias eran más problemáticas en ellas. La predicción de las lesiones a la madre con la puntuación del RVFP fue significativa en el caso de los varones (AUC = ,842) pero no en el caso de ellas (AUC = ,660). Los resultados justifican el uso de tratamientos y herramientas comunes en chicos y chicas implicados en VFP, aunque se discuten desarrollos aún necesarios en la materia. Child-to-parent violence (CPV) has attracted enormous academic interest. Despite this, few studies compare the risk factors between female and male perpetrators of this abuse toward parents. This paper compares 56 male and 35 female CPV offenders, evaluated with the Child-to-Parent Violence Risk assessment tool (CPVR). Results show that girls came from significantly more problematic contexts (with bidirectionality of violence, violence between parents, cohabitation problems and personal problems of parents, and had significantly lower self-esteem. Boys had significantly more histories of substance abuse issues and greater rates of escalation of violence. Overall, both sexes had similar prevalence rates for most variables, the type of violence committed was comparable (although injuries toward fathers were only perpetrated by boys), and female perpetrators had more problematic families than their male counterparts. CPVR scores significantly predicted injuries toward the mother for male offenders (AUC = .842), but not for female offenders (AUC = .660). These results support the use of common treatments and tools for female and male CPV offenders. Future steps and developments in the field are also discussed.

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Female Juvenile Risk

Cited by 27 publications

References 44 publications

Gender-Sensitive Violence Risk Assessment: Predictive Validity of Six Tools in Female Forensic Psychiatric Patients

Gender-Sensitive Violence Risk Assessment: Predictive Validity of Six Tools in Female Forensic Psychiatric Patients

Subgroup differences and implications for contemporary risk-need assessment with juvenile offenders.

Gender differences in child to parent violence risk factors

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