Female reproduction bears no survival cost in captivity for gray mouse lemurs

Landes, Julie; Henry, Pierre‐Yves; Hardy, Isabelle; Perret, Martine; Pavard, Samuel

doi:10.1002/ece3.5124

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…It suggests that any immediate costs of ejaculation might be offset by high food availability in the laboratory (e.g., Cordero 2000; Landes et al. 2019). An interesting next step would be to test whether more stressful conditions (e.g., low food availability), or even an environment that favors still higher sperm production (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the costs of pre- and postcopulatory traits for males: Evidence that costs of ejaculation are minor relative to mating effort

2021

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Although it is widely stated that both mating behavior and sperm traits are energetically costly for males, we currently lack empirical estimates of the relative costs to males of pre‐ versus postcopulatory investments. Such estimates require the experimental separation of the act of mating from that of ejaculation, which is a nontrivial logistical challenge. Here, we overcome this challenge using a novel morphological manipulation (gonopodium tip ablation) in the eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) to tease apart investment in mating effort from that in sperm replenishment following ejaculation. We quantified the relative cumulative costs of investing in mating effort and ejaculation by comparing somatic traits and reproductive performance among three types of males: ablated males that could attempt to mate but not ejaculate; unablated males that could both mate and ejaculate; and control males that had no access to females. We show that, after eight weeks, mating investment significantly reduces both body growth and immunocompetence and results in a significant decline in mating effort. In contrast, cumulative investment into sperm replenishment following ejaculation has few detectable effects that are only apparent in smaller males. These minor costs occur despite the fact that G. holbrooki has very high levels of sperm competition and multiple mating by both sexes, which is usually associated with elevated levels of sperm production. Crucially, our study is the first, to our knowledge, to experimentally compare the relative costs of pre‐ and postcopulatory investment on components of male fitness in a vertebrate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the costs of pre- and postcopulatory traits for males: Evidence that costs of ejaculation are minor relative to mating effort

2021

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“…In Alpine Ibex, there was no survival CoR either before or after an epizootic event (pneumonia), but the cost was high during it (Garnier, Gaillard, Gauthier, & Besnard, 2016). By contrast, studies on captive populations, where resources (at least food and water) can be considered as non-limiting, failed to detect any CoR in 18 mammal and 12 bird species kept in zoos (Ricklefs & Cadena, 2007), in Rottweiler pet dogs (Kengeri, Maras, Suckow, Chiang, & Waters, 2013), in laboratory mice (Tarin, Gomez-Piquer, Garcia-Palomares, Garcia-Perez, & Cano, 2014) and captive Microcebus murinus (Landes, Henry, Hardy, Perret, & Pavard, 2019). However, dependence of survival CoR on resource abundance is not universal: reproduction was not more costly under unfavourable or favourable environmental conditions in American red squirrels (Descamps, Boutin, McAdam, Berteaux, & Gaillard, 2009).…”

Section: Poor Environmental Conditions Can Reveal Otherwise Hidden mentioning

confidence: 99%

Are trade‐offs really the key drivers of ageing and life span?

Cohen

Coste

et al. 2019

Functional Ecology

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1. Current thinking in life-history theory and the biology of ageing suggests that ageing rates, and consequently life spans, evolve largely as a function of trade-offs with reproduction. While various evolutionary constraints are generally acknowledged to exist, their potential role in determining ageing rates is rarely considered.2. This review integrates three types of information to assess the relative importance of constraints and trade-offs in shaping ageing rates: (a) empirical work on the presence of intraspecific trade-offs; (b) theoretical work on factors limiting the force of trade-offs; and (c) consideration of the biological mechanisms of ageing, as currently understood. 3. At the empirical level, evidence for intraspecific trade-offs is mixed, including some surprising failures to observe a trade-off in model organisms. At the theoretical level, the presence of multiple currencies and nonlinearity can weaken the strength and/or generality of trade-offs. Additionally, trade-offs among lowerlevel functions, such as between sources of mortality, can create constraints at higher organizational levels, for example such that reductions in reproduction are unable to produce decreases in ageing rate. In terms of ageing mechanisms, some mechanisms, such as the regulation of IGF-1 and related pathways, seem to agree quite well with trade-offs as a driving force; however, other mechanisms, such as dysregulation of the vertebrate stress response and stem cell exhaustion, seem more likely to impose constraints than to mediate trade-offs. 4. Taken together, these findings suggest that trade-offs alone are insufficient to understand how ageing rates evolve; instead, both trade-offs and constraints likely play important roles in shaping evolutionary patterns, with their relative importance varying across taxa. Accordingly, it is time to revisit the broad assumption that survival-reproduction trade-offs are the key force structuring much of lifehistory variation and the evolution of ageing rates. K E Y W O R D S ageing, constraint, cost of reproduction, disposable soma, life history, physiology, senescence, trade-off 154 | Functional Ecology COHEN Et al. | 155Functional Ecology COHEN Et al. | 157Functional Ecology COHEN Et al.

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“…As lemurs went through their energetic challenges of the year related to reproduction-though these challenges seem to be quite moderated for females in captive conditions (Landes et al, 2019)-late summer is considered as a period of nutritive abundance and possibly fattening in healthy natural populations that anticipate the poor season (Radespiel, 2006;Radespiel et al, 2006;Dammhahn and Kappeler, 2008). At the time of the experiment, males had undergone their reproductive investment and were sexually inactive, although testosterone levels were still high before and after CR.…”

Section: Males and Females Show A Similar Energy Balance But Different Metabolic Responses To Crmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-Specific Response to Caloric Restriction After Reproductive Investment in Microcebus murinus: An Integrative Approach

et al. 2020

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In seasonal environments, males and females usually maintain high metabolic activity during the whole summer season, exhausting their energy reserves. In the global warming context, unpredictability of food availability during summer could dramatically challenge the energy budget of individuals. Therefore, one can predict that resilience to environmental stress would be dramatically endangered during summer. Here, we hypothesized that females could have greater capacity to survive harsh conditions than males, considering the temporal shift in their respective reproductive energy investment, which can challenge them differently, as well as enhanced flexibility in females' physiological regulation. We tackled this question on the gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus), focusing on the late summer period, after the reproductive effort. We monitored six males and six females before and after a 2-weeks 60% caloric restriction (CR), measuring different physiological and cellular parameters in an integrative and comparative multiscale approach. Before CR, females were heavier than males and mostly characterized by high levels of energy expenditure, a more energetic mitochondrial profile and a downregulation of blood antioxidants. We observed a similar energy balance between sexes due to CR, with a decrease in metabolic activity over time only in males. Oxidative damage to DNA was also reduced by different pathways between sexes, which may reflect variability in their physiological status and life-history traits at the end of summer. Finally, females' mitochondria seemed to exhibit greater flexibility and greater metabolic potential than males in response to CR. Our results showed strong differences between males and females in response to food shortage during late summer, underlining the necessity to consider sex as a factor for population dynamics in climate change models.

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Female reproduction bears no survival cost in captivity for gray mouse lemurs

Cited by 15 publications

References 49 publications

Quantifying the costs of pre- and postcopulatory traits for males: Evidence that costs of ejaculation are minor relative to mating effort

Quantifying the costs of pre- and postcopulatory traits for males: Evidence that costs of ejaculation are minor relative to mating effort

Are trade‐offs really the key drivers of ageing and life span?

Sex-Specific Response to Caloric Restriction After Reproductive Investment in Microcebus murinus: An Integrative Approach

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