Female reproductive system

Young, Barbara; Stewart, William H.; O'Dowd, Geraldine

doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-06797-6.00021-8

Cited by 1 publication

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“…Prominent spectral features in a tumor, with respect to a normal spectrum, are strong and sharper amide I, a minor shift in δCH 2 and a distinct band at 1340 cm −1 , which are indicative of DNA and noncollagenous proteins. These findings corroborate earlier ex vivo and in vivo Raman spectroscopic studies on cervical cancers, 9,10,24 although in vivo vagina spectral features were very similar to normal cervix and exhibited features of collagenous proteins, indicating resemblances in their biochemical compositions. To reveal the spectral differences between cervical tumor and normal cervix, the difference spectra, one of the conventional ways to understand the spectral variations, were employed.…”

Section: Raman Spectral Featuressupporting

confidence: 90%

“…In such cases, spectra acquired from normal cervix of subjects undergoing hysterectomy for other gynecological cancers were used as controls. 24 This could be a major constraint for subject accruals, especially in cancer hospitals where normal hysterectomy cases rarely visit. Moreover, the composition of a vagina and an ectocervix is similar as they contain the inner lining of squamous epithelial cells; 25 no CFE/MAC has been reported in cervical cancers, thus vagina can serve as a good internal control.…”

Section: Exploring Internal Controlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the healthy cervix of subjects having other gynecologic cancers (uterine or ovarian) undergoing hysterectomies have been used as controls, 23 in which subject accrual is often a major constraint. Vagina and cervix (ectocervix) are known to have similar histology; 24 malignancy-associated changes/cancer field effects have not been reported in cervical cancers. Therefore, as an alternative, vagina can be utilized as an internal control, especially in screening camps where colposcopy may not be available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vivoRaman spectroscopy of human uterine cervix: exploring the utility of vagina as an internal control

et al. 2014

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In vivo Raman spectroscopy is being projected as a new, noninvasive method for cervical cancer diagnosis. In most of the reported studies, normal areas in the cancerous cervix were used as control. However, in the Indian subcontinent, the majority of cervical cancers are detected at advanced stages, leaving no normal sites for acquiring control spectra. Moreover, vagina and ectocervix are reported to have similar biochemical composition. Thus, in the present study, we have evaluated the feasibility of classifying normal and cancerous conditions in the Indian population and we have also explored the utility of the vagina as an internal control. A total of 228 normal and 181 tumor in vivo Raman spectra were acquired from 93 subjects under clinical supervision. The spectral features in normal conditions suggest the presence of collagen, while DNA and noncollagenous proteins were abundant in tumors. Principal-component linear discriminant analysis (PC-LDA) yielded 97% classification efficiency between normal and tumor groups. An analysis of a normal cervix and vaginal controls of cancerous and noncancerous subjects suggests similar spectral features between these groups. PC-LDA of tumor, normal cervix, and vaginal controls further support the utility of the vagina as an internal control. Overall, findings of the study corroborate with earlier studies and facilitate objective, noninvasive, and rapid Raman spectroscopic-based screening/diagnosis of cervical cancers.

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Section: Raman Spectral Featuressupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Exploring Internal Controlsmentioning

confidence: 99%