Female versus male: Rumex thyrsiflorus Fingerh. under in vitro conditions. Does sex influence in vitro morphogenesis?

Rumex thyrsiflorus Fingerh. is a dioecious species with heteromorphic sex chromosomes. Due to sexual dimorphism and the content of bioactive constituents used in pharmacology, this species is an interesting object of study. A complex analysis of selected physiological and biochemical aspects of the sex-related response to heat stress in vitro and in vivo was carried out. The experiment included in vitro regenerated plants and plants obtained from seeds. Regenerants were obtained from hypocotyls on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2.27 μM thidiazuron (TDZ). The sex of the plants was determined by molecular analysis based on genetic sex markers. Analysis of the main photosynthetic parameters indicated that in vitro regenerated plants showed a decrease in photosystem II (PSII) activity when directly exposed to a stressor. However, in contrast to the seed-derived plants, they adapted efficiently to the recovery conditions within 1 week after the stress was terminated. Furthermore, in vitro regenerated male and female plants acclimatised well to field conditions and showed greater stress tolerance based on better efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus and the highest chlorophyll a/b ratio. In case of plants derived from seeds, male plants were less sensitive to heat stress and showed greater stability of PSII at high temperatures compared to female plants. The results showed that the response to high-temperature stress depends on the sex and the origin of the plants, i. e. in vitro regenerated plants versus plants obtained from seeds. Even short-term heat stress resulted in differences in photosynthetic efficiency. Biochemical analysis of antioxidant activity in response to heat stress, carried out for the first time in Rumex thyrsiflorus, has allowed the identification of the following forms of superoxide dismutase (SOD): manganese (MnSOD), iron (FeSOD) and two copper-zinc isoforms (Cu/ZnSOD I and Cu/ZnSOD II).

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Two shades of grey: effect of temperature on seed germination of the escaping ornamental species Lychnis coronaria and Stachys byzantina

Vojík

Kadlecová²,

Kutlvašr³

et al. 2022

Plant Ecol

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This paper describes germination and cytological variability in two popular ornamental and potentially invasive species, lamb's ear Stachys byzantina and rose campion Lychnis coronaria. Both xerophytic species have the potential to invade natural habitats across Europe and create viable naturalised populations, with subsequent impacts on native vegetation. To assess the species' invasiveness, seeds were collected from naturalised populations and germination rate recorded under different temperature regimes. Flow cytometry, used to record cytological variability, indicated that all populations of both species were cytologically homogeneous. Germination success, a key spreading factor in both species, was signi cantly in uenced by temperature, with nal germination of L. coronaria being extremely high at temperatures > 15/10 °C (98.5%) and extremely low at temperatures < 10/5 °C (2.9%). In comparison, nal germination in S. byzantina highest at 22/15 °C (55.6%), reducing to 40.3% at 15/10 °C and just 0.3% at temperatures < 10/5 °C. No signi cant differences in germination rate were observed between escaping and non-escaping populations, though there were differences between particular populations. Our results indicate germination temperature limits between species consistent with sizes of primary distribution and distance between primary and secondary distribution borders. However, the observed germination rates allow for successful generative reproduction of both species over their secondary distribution areas, suggesting that these species are likely to become invasive species of European grasslands soon.

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Female versus male: Rumex thyrsiflorus Fingerh. under in vitro conditions. Does sex influence in vitro morphogenesis?

Abstract: between male and female seeds and in terms of male and female seedling length were observed, which indicated that there was no competition between the sexes during seed germination when grown under uniform growth conditions.

Cited by 4 publications

References 34 publications

Structural traits of leaf epidermis correspond to metal tolerance in Rumex acetosella populations growing on metal-contaminated soils

Structural traits of leaf epidermis correspond to metal tolerance in Rumex acetosella populations growing on metal-contaminated soils

Photosynthetic and antioxidant activity in the sex-related heat stress response of the dioecious species Rumex thyrsiflorus Fingerh.

Two shades of grey: effect of temperature on seed germination of the escaping ornamental species Lychnis coronaria and Stachys byzantina

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