Females in the forefront: time-based intervention effects on impulsive choice and interval timing in female rats

Stuebing, Sarah L.; Marshall, Andrew T.; Triplett, Ashton; Kirkpatrick, Kimberly

doi:10.1007/s10071-018-1208-9

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Posterior distributions for Group and Group × SS Delay effects did not incorporate zero. Thus, the intervention robustly reduced preferences for the immediate reward and sensitivity to delay, consistent with previous studies [31][32][33]39].…”

Section: Model Specificationssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Categorical variables (group and sex) were effects coded so that all tests were conducted relative to the grand mean of the data. SS delay was coded as a continuous variable and scaled with two different intercepts: 0-s and 30-s delays [31,39,53]. The 0-s delay intercept predicted choices at a 0-s SS delay to assess the intervention effects on bias for immediacy.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, time-based interventions are a successful treatment for impulsivity in male rats [30,35,37,38]. However, only one study has measured the effects of an FI intervention in a group of females and found reduced impulsive choices and some improvements in timing processes, but there were no comparisons with males [39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A time-based intervention to treat impulsivity in male and female rats

Panfil

Bailey

Davis

et al. 2020

Behavioural Brain Research

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Time-based interventions have emerged as promising treatments for disorders associated with impulsivity. These interventions can be implemented to test their efficacy in preventing or treating impulsive choice in animal models of diseases related to impulsivity such as drug abuse. Impulsive choice is typically defined as choosing a smaller-sooner (SS) reward over a larger-later (LL) reward when the LL is relatively more optimal. Previous research has shown that these interventions promote LL choices in males and females, but sex differences have not been assessed. Because sex differences can complicate the application of therapies, it is critical to compare the effects of the intervention in males and females. The intervention group received exposure to 10-s and 30-s interval schedules, and the control rats received no delay to reward. Different impulsive choice tasks were used to assess the intervention efficacy across the two experiments. Following the intervention, reductions in impulsive choice were found in male and female rats, but the degree of improvement was inconsistent across sex and task. Bayesian analyses that combined the results revealed robust evidence of an overall intervention effect with the intervention group showing greater self-control, but there was no evidence for the intervention affecting males and females differently. Taken together, these results suggest that time-based interventions are effective tools to treat impulsivity in both males and females and offer promising translational capability to humans.

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Section: Model Specificationssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A time-based intervention to treat impulsivity in male and female rats

Panfil

Bailey

Davis

et al. 2020

Behavioural Brain Research

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“…The VI intervention did not improve timing at a group level (i.e., the rats in the VI intervention group did not generally perform better than the rats in the control group), but individual rats that made more self-controlled choices postintervention also showed greater timing precision in a temporal bisection task, which is used to measure discrimination of time intervals. Stuebing et al (2018) extended the FI time-based intervention to female rats and reported that the intervention improved self-controlled choices compared to a no-delay control group. However, the female rats did not show improved timing precision in a temporal bisection task.…”

Section: Timing Interventions and Impulsive Choicementioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive and behavioral training interventions to promote self-control.

Smith¹,

Panfil²,

Bailey³

et al. 2019

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cogniti

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This review article discusses various cognitive and behavioral interventions that have been developed with the goal of promoting self-controlled responding. Self-control can exert a significant impact on human health and impulsive behaviors are associated with a wide range of diseases and disorders, leading to the suggestion that impulsivity is a trans-disease process. The self-control interventions include effort exposure, reward discrimination, reward bundling, interval schedules of reinforcement, impulse control training, and mindfulness training. Most of the interventions have been consistently shown to increase self-control, except for mindfulness training. Some of the successful interventions are long-lasting, whereas others may be transient. Most interventions are domain-specific, targeting specific cognitive and behavioral processes that relate to self-control rather than targeting overall self-control. For example, effort exposure appears to primarily increase effort tolerance, which in turn can improve self-control. Similarly, interval schedules primarily target interval timing, which promotes self-controlled responses. A diagram outlining a proposed set of intervention effects on self-control is introduced to motivate further research in this area. The diagram suggests that the individual target processes of the interventions may potentially summate to produce general self-control, or perhaps even produce synergistic effects. In addition, it is suggested that developing a self-control profile may be advantageous for aligning specific interventions to mitigate specific deficits. Overall, the results indicate that interventions are a promising avenue for promoting self-control and may help to contribute to changing health outcomes associated with a wide variety of diseases and disorders.

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“…Parameters in Experiment 2 produced decreasing hazard functions that were not overly steep or shallow. Very steep functions would have resulted in near‐exclusive delivery of immediate reinforcers, which do not consistently affect self‐control (Fox et al, 2019; Peterson & Kirkpatrick, 2016; Renda et al, 2018; Stuebing et al, 2018). A shallower HFD function would have closely approximated HF0, which did not improve self‐control in Experiment 1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hazard function effects on promoting self‐control in variable interval time‐based interventions in rats

Bailey

Panfil

Kirkpatrick

2021

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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The present experiments investigated properties of time‐based interventions used to increase self‐control. Rats received impulsive‐choice assessments before and after interventions that consisted of different distributions of delays to reinforcement. In Experiment 1, rats received an intervention with an increasing hazard function where delays were more evenly distributed, a decreasing hazard function where delays were mostly short, or a constant hazard function where delays were exponentially distributed. Surprisingly, rats that received the decreasing hazard function made the most self‐controlled choices. Response rates during intervention trials showed that rats anticipated reinforcement based on the shape of the distributions they received. In Experiment 2, rats received an intervention with a decreasing hazard function with a steep slope or a shallow slope. Both time‐based interventions increased self‐control and produced similar response‐rate patterns, indicating that the slope of the decreasing hazard function may not play a strong role in intervention efficacy. While this research aligns with previous literature showing that time‐based interventions improved self‐control, exposure to short delays produced the biggest improvements. Ultimately, exposure to short delays may increase the subjective value of the larger–later choice while occasional long delays may promote the ability to wait, which may have important implications for translational applications.

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Females in the forefront: time-based intervention effects on impulsive choice and interval timing in female rats

Cited by 17 publications

References 53 publications

A time-based intervention to treat impulsivity in male and female rats

A time-based intervention to treat impulsivity in male and female rats

Cognitive and behavioral training interventions to promote self-control.

Hazard function effects on promoting self‐control in variable interval time‐based interventions in rats

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