Feminism and Advertising in Traditional and Nontraditional Women's Magazines 1950s-1980s

Busby, Linda J.; Leichty, Greg

doi:10.1177/107769909307000202

Cited by 54 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…*p<.05; **p<.001. b Beta coefficients (standardized partial regression coefficients) in path diagram of women's disordered eating with sexual self-competence. *p<.05; **p<.001. competence or performance focused (i.e., women as sexual objects vs. women as sexual subjects) (e.g., Busby and Leichty 1993;Krassas et al 2003;Linder 2004;Reichert and Carpernter 2004;Ussher 1989). Thus, the fact that women's sexual self-esteem was predicted by body shame, but not women's sexual self-competence, suggests that women's global self-evaluations about the value of their sexual selves may be more closely linked with their sense of their sexual attractiveness rather than their sexual competence or performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Self-Esteem in American and British College Women: Relations with Self-Objectification and Eating Problems

Calogero

Thompson

2008

Sex Roles

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The present study extended Objectification Theory (Fredrickson and Roberts, Psychol Women Q 21:173-206, 1997) to test the role of sexual self-esteem in models of disordered eating. Measures of self-objectification, sexual well-being, and disordered eating were completed by American (N=104) and British (N=111) college women. In Study 1, higher self-objectification was associated with lower sexual self-esteem, which, in turn, mediated the relationship between self-objectification and disordered eating in American women. In Study 2, path analyses indicated that self-objectification led to sexual self-esteem and body shame, which led to disordered eating in British women. This pattern of results was replicated, albeit weaker, when sexual self-competence replaced sexual selfesteem in the model. Discussion considers the significance of self-objectification and sexual self-esteem for women's well-being.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Self-Esteem in American and British College Women: Relations with Self-Objectification and Eating Problems

Calogero

Thompson

2008

Sex Roles

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“…In a study looking at traditional and non-traditional magazines, 73% of women were portrayed in a 'decorative and alluring way', 5% in an employment role, and 10% in family roles. 9 Visual examples of the sexual objectification of women are especially prominent in the world of advertising. However a study has shown that only 27% of mothers thought it was appropriate to portray breastfeeding women on television.…”

Section: How Culture Can Influence Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

Breast is best: just maybe in private?

Sayers

2013

Br J Gen Pract

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“…Although there are a number of studies that explore the representation of women in media (e.g., Barthel, 1988;Scott, 1993) and in magazines in particular (e.g., Andreasen & Steves, 1983;Busby & Leichty, 1993;Demarest & Garner, 1992;Murphy, 1994;Prusank, Duran, & DeLillo, 1993;Walsh, 1999), there is little empirical research focusing on the depiction of mothers. Kaplan's (1990Kaplan's ( , 1992 psychoanalytic feminist analysis of mothers in 1980s popular culture found that the representation of mothers perpetuates patriarchal norms by separating female sexuality, work, and motherhood into distinct spheres: Female sexuality and work are still constructed as threats to the construction of the ideal mother.…”

Section: Maternal Double Bindsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Undermining Mothers: A Content Analysis of the Representation of Mothers in Magazines

Johnston

Swanson²

2003

Mass Communication and Society

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Mother wars, the pitting of at-home and employed mothers against each other, dominate public discourse. Mother roles are contested and, as a result, mothers are inundated with contradictory messages that affirm a particular mother role and simultaneously condemn a mother for achieving it. This content analysis explores 4 maternal contradictions in contemporary women 's magazines: (a) Buxton (1998) and Maushart (1999) contended that we are living in a historically and culturally unprecedented era of contested mother roles and ideologies. Mothers have choices in how to define their mother role, but with choice comes conflict. Maternal feminism has risen slowly in the wake of the feminist movement (Gimenez, 1980;Graglia, 1998). Feminist theory neglects to recognize women's desires to be both mothers and feminists (Allen, 1983;Fox-Genovese, 1996). Caregiving and feminism together are constructed as an oxymoron, and caregiving has been condemned for embroiling women in dependent and powerless family roles (Graglia, 1998). Studies of third-wave feminism reveal that an increasing number of young women resent the feminist movement for neglecting family roles (Fox-Genovese, 1996;Peters, 2001). MASS COMMUNICATION & SOCIETY, 2003, 6(3), 243-265 Requests for reprints should be sent to Deirdre D. Johnston, Department of Communication, Hope College, Holland, At this point in history, mother wars-the pitting of at-home and employed mothers against each other (Buxton, 1998)-dominate public discourse. Contemporary mothers are living in the culture's zone of contested identities (Hall, 1996). According to Hall:Identity … is a matter of considerable political significance, and is only likely to be advanced when both the necessity and the "impossibility" of identities, and the suturing of the psychic and the discursive in their constitution, are fully and unambiguously acknowledged. (p. 16) Bakhtin (1934Bakhtin ( -1935Bakhtin ( /1981 further described the importance of discourse to this process: "Individual consciousnesses … come together and fight it out on the territory of the utterance" (p. 360). Grossberg (1996), discussing the paradox of how a person can be both the cause and effect, both the subject and the subjected, contended that the task is to locate the "machinery" by which identification and belonging are produced and assimilated into structures of individuality (p. 98). The purpose of this study is to explore the prevalence of maternal identity contradictions in the public discourse of women's magazines. MATERNAL DOUBLE BINDSThe mother wars are fueled by contradictory messages that affirm particular aspects of mother identity but sanction others (Buxton, 1998). When expectations and condemnations are tied in such a way that to achieve the expectation is to invite the condemnation, a double bind is present (Bateson, 1972;Watzlawick, Beavin, & Jackson, 1967). Double binds have the effect of undermining confidence and engendering feelings of guilt and inadequacy (Bateson, 1972;Watzlawick et al., 1967). In a cultural ...

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Feminism and Advertising in Traditional and Nontraditional Women's Magazines 1950s-1980s

Cited by 54 publications

References 0 publications

Sexual Self-Esteem in American and British College Women: Relations with Self-Objectification and Eating Problems

Sexual Self-Esteem in American and British College Women: Relations with Self-Objectification and Eating Problems

Breast is best: just maybe in private?

Undermining Mothers: A Content Analysis of the Representation of Mothers in Magazines

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