“…Previous research in history education has also shown how gendered norms are prevalent in history textbooks: women and men are often represented in binary terms, and the textbooks typically do not problematise questions regarding gender, norms and sexuality (Alayan and Al-Khalidi, 2010;Ammert, 2016;Boyd, 2019;Brugar et al, 2014;Frederickson, 2004;Levstik and Groth, 2002;Strasser and Tinsman, 2005). Heterosexuality is often viewed by students as timeless and static in history education (Gerhard, 2010), despite its connection and interaction with time, power, culture and nature (Karmakar and Sarkar, 2021;Mocnik, 2021). Similar connections regarding race are made in King and Simmons's (2018) work, which illuminates common issues.…”