Femmephobia: The Role of Anti-Femininity and Gender Policing in LGBTQ+ People’s Experiences of Discrimination

Hoskin, Rhea Ashley

doi:10.1007/s11199-019-01021-3

Cited by 139 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Practices associated with weakness such as those attributed to gay men/homosexuality and women/femininity were and continue to be devalued and often form the base for injurious speech acts (e.g. Bailey, 2016;Bridges and Pascoe, 2014;DeBoise, 2015;Hoskin, 2019;Pascoe, 2007Pascoe, , 2013.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The devaluing of what is associated with 'feminine' served as a subtext of many of the homonegative speech acts in this study and supports Pascoe's (2007Pascoe's ( , 2013 contention that research on these speech acts has neglected its gendered content, or rather its femmephobia. Femmephobia, sometimes called effeminephobia, is a disdain for or a systematic devaluation of femininity and reflects misogyny (Adams, 2013;Annes and Redlin, 2012;Hoskin, 2019;Richardson, 2009). If gender equality would be a current dominant discourse in sport then a gay aesthetic that associates specific and bodily enactments with femininity would not be constructed as an insult.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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‘Everything is said with a smile’: Homonegative speech acts in sport

Smits

Knoppers

Elling-Machartzki

2020

International Review for the Sociology of Sport

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The acceptance of gay males in sport is growing in various western countries. However, research also suggests that young males, including athletes, tend to engage in homonegative speech acts, often called microaggressions, that make it difficult for them to navigate practices of masculinity. We used solicited diaries or diary logs written by (non-)heterosexual young male team sport athletes (aged 16–25) to investigate how they experienced and heard expressions of homonegative and heteronormative microaggressive speech acts. We drew on Foucault’s notion of discourse, Butler’s conceptualization of performativity of heteronormativity and Sue’s work on microaggressions to examine how microaggressive speech acts by young male athletes reflect current sexual and gender cultural norms. The results revealed how homonegative speech acts were embedded in a gay aesthetic and abject femininity and used to endorse a desirable heteronormative masculinity. We concluded that homonegative microaggressive speech acts contribute to the preservation of discursive heteronormativity in sport despite growing acceptance of non-heterosexual male athletes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Everything is said with a smile’: Homonegative speech acts in sport

Smits

Knoppers

Elling-Machartzki

2020

International Review for the Sociology of Sport

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“…We contend that it is because patriarchal femininity is inseparable from the idea of masculine right of access (R. A. Hoskin, 2019b). It is supposed to be performed for and 'offered up' to the heterosexual male gaze (R. A. Hoskin, 2019b), always available and always accessible.…”

Section: Femmephobia As 'Containing' Femininitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A. Hoskin, 2019a) work on femme theory to propose that women who breastfeed in public, who do so for an 'extended' time, and who enjoy it are performing (femme) femininity. They are, therefore, subject to femmephobic attacks (Hoskin, 2017;R. A. Hoskin, 2019b) because they are performing gender trouble (Butler, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breastfeeding, ‘tainted’ love, and femmephobia: containing the ‘dirty’ performances of embodied femininity

Whiley¹,

Stutterheim

Grandy

2020

Psychology & Sexuality

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In this conceptual analysis, we theorise breastfeeding as an embodied 'dirty' performance of femininity and draw on Hoskin's (2019a) work on femme theory to propose that women who breastfeed in public, who do so for an 'extended' time, and who enjoy it are subject to femmephobic attacks. We integrate three streams of literature to unsettle the 'taint' of breastfeeding. We first theorise breastfeeding as an act of femininity where women perform gender trouble in line with Butler's work. We also draw on Douglas' work on 'dirt' and Rivera's work on emotional 'dirty' work to theorise that 'taint' is one way in which society stigmatises the phenomenon of breastfeeding. Specifically, we propose that embodied breastfeeding evokes 'tainted' emotions. We then draw on Schippers' work on 'containing' pariah forms of femininity (lest they 'contaminate' patriarchy) by showing how femmephobic stigmatisation limits breastfeeding women's corporeality and presence in shared spaces.

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“…Yet, even in the countries with more legal rights and protections, we are still witnessing an increase in violence and hate crimes targeting the LGBTQ communities (Armstrong, 2019;Fitzsimons, 2019;Flatley, 2019). The Pulse Nightclub shooting, which claimed the lives of 49 individuals on 12 June 2016, is but one example (Ramirez, Gonzalez, & Galupo, 2018), and it lines up alongside numerous individual attacks on same-sex couples (e.g., Brent, 2019;O'Handley, Blair, & Hoskin, 2017;Rosswood, 2015), as well as the continued disproportionate murder rates around the globe for trans women, particularly trans women of colour (Hoskin, 2019).…”

Section: Editorialmentioning

confidence: 99%