Femoral anteversion: Assessment based on function axes

Abstract

This study describes a clinically oriented anatomical assessment of anteversion on 32 cadavers ranging from 61 to 89 years. The method used a three-dimensional reference system based on functional axes of the femur. Each soft tissue-free femur was mounted on an osteometric table and aligned to its functional axes. The long axes were defined as passing from the centre of the femoral head to the femoral attachment of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). A line that ran through the PCL attachment (equal distal origin of this system) and was parallel to a transepicondylar line served as transverse axis. Anteversion of the femur was defined as an angle formed to the transverse axis by a line running through the centre of the femoral head through the midpoint of the narrowest segment of the femoral neck. The measurement mean for anteversion among these specimens was 7.4 degrees with a range from -10.8 degrees (retroversion) to 22.1 degrees. There was no statistical difference in mean values (p less than 0.05) between sexes or between right and left sides of the group; however, there were large variations for anteversions when each side in the same individual was compared (although there was no dominant side). Retroversions were observed in four of 32 femurs (12.5%). No correlation was found between the anteversion in these femurs and rotational geometry at the knee. We compared our data with those obtained by conventional techniques, by which anteversion for each femur was measured after the bone had been placed on a flat surface.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cross-sectional morphology of the SK 82 and 97 proximal femora

“…early Homo (e.g., KNM-ER 1472, 1481a, that some degree of positive femoral anteversion (anterior projection of the head and neck) was present, as it is in most modern human femora (Yoshioka and Cooke, 1987). The anteversion angle of the Australopithecus afarensis AL 288-1 (''Lucy''), measured on a cast, is 18°.…”

Optimizing Limb Position for Measuring Knee Anatomical Axis Alignment from Standing Knee Radiographs

“…Finally, we refer to the common practice of positioning according to the colinearity of the posterior profiles of the femoral condyles 27 . This approach is also one that we do not favor, since condylar asymmetry tends to be exaggerated in individuals with knee osteoarthritis [28][29][30] .…”

“…When the knee is moved through some degree of flexion, the lower leg tracks around the condyles on the knee's flexion axis (an orientation well approximated to the transepicondylar line) 20,[28][29][30][31] and perpendicular to the flexion plane.…”

Computer-based periaxial rotation measurement for aligning fractured femur fragments from CT: A feasibility study

“…9 The measure of periaxial rotation is not uniquely defined, and there is disagreement as to the best way to measure it. Consequently, most efforts have been focused on defining periaxial rotation and developing measurement protocols.…”