Femoral Bone Marrow Adiposity and Cortical Bone Cross‐Sectional Areas in Men With Motor Complete Spinal Cord Injury

Gorgey, Ashraf S.; Poarch, Hunter; Adler, Robert A.; Khalil, Refka E.; Gater, David R.

doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2013.05.006

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(117 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Moreover, the bone marrow adipose tissue was inversely related to the bone mineral density and bone mineral content as measured by DXA. This preliminary evidence suggests that there is inverse relationship between increasing bone marrow adiposity and both cortical bone as well as bone mineral density [7] . This may suggest that MSC need to be considered as a therapeutic anatomical target for future interventions to cease the progress in adiposity and osteoporosis after SCI.…”

Section: Bone Marrow Adipose Tissuementioning

confidence: 78%

“…This differentiation may be very important in providing the appropriate mechanical stimulus necessary for the development of muscle and bone tissue compared to adipose tissues after SCI. Our initial observation showed that persons with motor complete SCI had 2-3 times bone marrow adipose tissue compared to matched able-bodied controls; primarily because of unloading on lower extremities [7] . This is accompanied with 1.5-2 times lower cortical bone CSA in persons with SCI compared to able-bodied controls [7] .…”

Section: Bone Marrow Adipose Tissuementioning

confidence: 96%

“…Our initial observation showed that persons with motor complete SCI had 2-3 times bone marrow adipose tissue compared to matched able-bodied controls; primarily because of unloading on lower extremities [7] . This is accompanied with 1.5-2 times lower cortical bone CSA in persons with SCI compared to able-bodied controls [7] . Moreover, the bone marrow adipose tissue was inversely related to the bone mineral density and bone mineral content as measured by DXA.…”

Section: Bone Marrow Adipose Tissuementioning

confidence: 96%

“…However, DXA is limited in distinguishing between subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and ectopic adipose tissue [6] . The anatomy and distribution of adipose tissue is of particular interest to the metabolic health after SCI [5][6][7]16] . Triglycerides can be either stored in subcutaneous or ectopic sites similar to the peritoneum, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), in the liver (steatosis), in the muscle such as IMF or IeMF and in the bone marrow as BMF.…”

Section: Types Of Adipose Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, adipose tissues secrete number of active peptides called adipokines [3] . Interest in studying adipose tissue physiology and anatomical distribution has stemmed from its closest association with disturbance in metabolic profile including carbohydrate, lipid, and bone metabolism [3][4][5][6][7] . Most recently the link between adipose tissue and bone health has been recognized after spinal cord injury (SCI) [7] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Adiposity and spinal cord injury

Gorgey¹

2015

WJO

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The drastic changes in body composition following spinal cord injury (SCI) have been shown to play a significant role in cardiovascular and metabolic health. The pattern of storage and distribution of different types of adipose tissue may impact metabolic health variables similar to carbohydrate, lipid and bone metabolism. The use of magnetic resonance imaging provides insights on the interplay among different regional adipose tissue compartments and their role in developing chronic diseases. Regional adipose tissue can be either distributed centrally or peripherally into subcutaneous and ectopic sites. The primary ectopic adipose tissue sites are visceral, intramuscular and bone marrow. Dysfunction in the central nervous system following SCI impacts the pattern of distribution of adiposity especially between tetraplegia and paraplegia. The current editorial is focused primarily on introducing different types of adipose tissue and establishing scientific basis to develop appropriate dietary, rehabilitation or pharmaceutical interventions to manage the negative consequences of increasing adiposity after SCI. We have also summarized the clinical implications and future recommendations relevant to study adiposity after SCI.

show abstract

Section: Bone Marrow Adipose Tissuementioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Bone Marrow Adipose Tissuementioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Bone Marrow Adipose Tissuementioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Types Of Adipose Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Adiposity and spinal cord injury

Gorgey¹

2015

WJO

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Spinal Cord Injury Associated Disease of the Skeleton, an Unresolved Problem with Need for Multimodal Interventions

Echevarria‐Cruz,

McMillan,

Reid

et al. 2024

Advanced Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Spinal cord injury is associated with skeletal unloading, sedentary behavior, decreases in skeletal muscle mass, and exercise intolerance, which results in rapid and severe bone loss. To date, monotherapy with physical interventions such as weight‐bearing in standing frames, computer‐controlled electrically stimulated cycling and ambulation exercise, and low‐intensity vibration are unsuccessful in maintaining bone density after SCI. Strategies to maintain bone density with commonly used osteoporosis medications also fail to provide a significant clinical benefit, potentially due to a unique pathology of bone deterioration in SCI. In this review, the available data is discussed on evaluating and monitoring bone loss, fracture, and physical and pharmacological therapeutic approaches to SCI‐associated disease of the skeleton. The treatment of SCI‐associated disease of the skeleton, the implications for clinical management, and areas of need are considered for future investigation.

show abstract

The Glucocorticoid Receptor in Osterix-Expressing Cells Regulates Bone Mass, Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue, and Systemic Metabolism in Female Mice During Aging

Pierce

Sharma

Roberts

et al. 2020

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hallmarks of aging‐associated osteoporosis include bone loss, bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) expansion, and impaired osteoblast function. Endogenous glucocorticoid levels increase with age, and elevated glucocorticoid signaling, associated with chronic stress and dysregulated metabolism, can have a deleterious effect on bone mass. Canonical glucocorticoid signaling through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) was recently investigated as a mediator of osteoporosis during the stress of chronic caloric restriction. To address the role of the GR in an aging‐associated osteoporotic phenotype, the current study utilized female GR conditional knockout (GR‐CKO; GRfl/fl:Osx‐Cre+) mice and control littermates on the C57BL/6 background aged to 21 months and studied in comparison to young (3‐ and 6‐month‐old) mice. GR deficiency in Osx‐expressing cells led to low bone mass and BMAT accumulation that persisted with aging. Surprisingly, however, GR‐CKO mice also exhibited alterations in muscle mass (reduced % lean mass and soleus fiber size), accompanied by reduced voluntary physical activity, and also exhibited higher whole‐body metabolic rate and elevated blood pressure. Moreover, increased lipid storage was observed in GR‐CKO osteoblastic cultures in a glucocorticoid‐dependent fashion despite genetic deletion of the GR, and could be reversed via pharmacological inhibition of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). These findings provide evidence of a role for the GR (and possibly the MR) in facilitating healthy bone maintenance with aging in females. The effects of GR‐deficient bone on whole‐body physiology also demonstrate the importance of bone as an endocrine organ and suggest evidence for compensatory mechanisms that facilitate glucocorticoid signaling in the absence of osteoblastic GR function; these represent new avenues of research that may improve understanding of glucocorticoid signaling in bone toward the development of novel osteogenic agents. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).

show abstract

Femoral Bone Marrow Adiposity and Cortical Bone Cross‐Sectional Areas in Men With Motor Complete Spinal Cord Injury

Abstract: After SCI, cortical bone CSA becomes thinner and is associated with greater accumulation of yellow BMA. Yellow BMA is associated with changes in bone CSA and bone mass, as well as increased fat mass, after SCI.

Cited by 28 publications

References 43 publications

Adiposity and spinal cord injury

Adiposity and spinal cord injury

Spinal Cord Injury Associated Disease of the Skeleton, an Unresolved Problem with Need for Multimodal Interventions

The Glucocorticoid Receptor in Osterix-Expressing Cells Regulates Bone Mass, Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue, and Systemic Metabolism in Female Mice During Aging

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About