Femoral hypoplasia-unusual facies syndrome: a rare clinical entity

Abstract

Femoral hypoplasia-unusual facies syndrome (FH-UFS) is a disorder with multisystem involvement comprising predominantly of craniofacial dysmorphism with bilateral hypoplastic femurs. The exact etiology of this disorder is unknown, however maternal infections, drug and radiation exposure, oligohydramnios has been implicated. In affected children born to non-diabetic mothers, a genetic contribution is suspected; however, no chromosomal or gene mutations have been identified so far. The syndrome closely resembles with caudal dysplasia or syringomyelia which occur due to insufficient mesoderm in the caudal part of the embryo leading to lumbosacral defects, renal agenesis, and dysplastic lower limbs, however they lack craniofacial dysmorphism. The pathogenesis of FH-UFS involves poor development of subtrochanteric portion of the femoral cartilage. This results in shortening of proximal femur. Maternal diabetes justifies the teratogenic effect of hyperglycemia and ketones on fetus leading to dysmorphic features in fetus. Here, we are reporting a female neonate with characteristic phenotypic features of FH-UFS. She had cleft lip and palate, low set ears, retrognathia and micrognathia, dolichocephaly with bilateral femoral hypoplasia with talipes deformity of both feet. Karyotype was normal (46XX). Renal and cranial ultrasounds were normal. The 2D Echo revealed small 0.3mm PDA.

Femoral-facial syndrome: First reported case in Sri Lanka

“…Our patient had cryptorchidism where both testes were palpable in the inguinal canal. Our patient had a PDA similar to that reported by Lichade et al 12 .…”

“…Motor development was retarded due to the malformations but upright posture and walking was accomplished without difficulty 3 . Therapy which improved the ambulation included functional rehabilitation sessions without surgery 16 , limb lengthening surgery 12 and artificial limbs of various types . There is limited published information available about adults with FFS with the exception of a case report of an adult female with FFS who completed her higher education as an above average student and has worked successfully as a secretary typist.…”