Femtosecond laser induced breakdown spectroscopy based standoff detection of explosives and discrimination using principal component analysis

Shaik, Abdul Kalam; Epuru, Nageswara Rao; Hamad, Syed; Byram, Chandu; Soma, Venugopal Rao

doi:10.1364/oe.26.008069

Cited by 58 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Compared with other techniques, like atomic absorption spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, LIBS has some unique advantages including the capacity of direct analysis without a complex pretreatment of the sample, rapid response, and multiple elemental analysis ability. LIBS is suitable for special requirements of practical solid, [1][2][3][4] liquid, [5][6][7][8] and gas analyses. 9,10 For traditional LIBS systems, nanosecond (ns) pulse lasers are widely used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma-grating-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Peng

Niu

et al. 2020

Adv. Photon.

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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a useful tool for determination of elements in solids, liquids, and gases. For nanosecond LIBS (ns-LIBS), the plasma shielding effect limits its reproducibility, repeatability, and signal-to-noise ratios. Although femtosecond laser filament induced breakdown spectroscopy (FIBS) has no plasma shielding effects, the power density clamping inside the filaments limits the measurement sensitivity. We propose and demonstrate plasma-grating-induced breakdown spectroscopy (GIBS). The technique relies on a plasma excitation source-a plasma grating generated by the interference of two noncollinear femtosecond filaments. We demonstrate that GIBS can overcome the limitations of standard techniques such as ns-LIBS and FIBS. Signal intensity enhancement with GIBS is observed to be greater than 3 times that of FIBS. The matrix effect is also significantly reduced with GIBS, by virtue of the high power and electron density of the plasma grating, demonstrating great potential for analyzing samples with complex matrix.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma-grating-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Peng

Niu

et al. 2020

Adv. Photon.

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“…In situ elemental analysis of minerals and alloys, and their classification at ST distances is interesting and challenging. In our earlier work, we successfully demonstrated the ST (up to 2 m) and remote (detector only at 8.5 m) detection capability of bulk explosives [18]. In this Letter, we establish ∼6.5 m∕ ∼ 8 m (focusing/collection distance) ST discrimination of metals and bimetallic alloys using femtosecond filament-induced breakdown spectroscopy in the ST mode (ST-FIBS).…”

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confidence: 72%

Discrimination of bimetallic alloy targets using femtosecond filament-induced breakdown spectroscopy in standoff mode

Shaik¹,

Ajmathulla²,

Soma³

2018

Opt. Lett.

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The femtosecond filament-induced breakdown spectroscopy (FIBS) technique coupled with principal component analysis (PCA) is demonstrated for standoff (ST) analysis of metals, alloys (Al, Cu, brass, stainless steel), and bimetallic strips (Ag@Cu, Ag@Au with varying weight percentages). The experiments were performed by analyzing the filament-produced plasma at ∼6.5 m from the laser. The plasma emissions were collected using a Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope (6″ f/10) at ∼8 m away. The variations in intensities of persistent atomic transitions in the FIBS spectra clearly reflected the varying weight percentage in bimetallic strips. Furthermore, PCA was successfully utilized to discriminate the metals, alloys, and bimetallic strips batch wise and altogether. Our results demonstrate the capability of femtosecond ST-FIBS for ST analytical applications.

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“…The herein applied approach for the detection of nitro-compounds by LIBS, based on the spectral differences after the first and the second laser pulse at the same position, was much simpler and straightforward than the methods proposed in [15,33,34,35,36]. Our approach was not affected by missing plasma stoichiometry [36] and it reduced the influence of substrate material on the classification results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Laser Sensor (ILS) for Remote Surface Analysis: Application for Detecting Explosives in Fingerprints

Lazic

Palucci

Dominicis

et al. 2019

Sensors

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Here, we describe an innovative Integrated Laser Sensor (ILS) that combines four spectroscopic techniques and two vision systems into a unique, transportable device. The instrument performs Raman and Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy excited at 355 nm and Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) excited at 1064 nm, and it also detects Laser Scattering (LS) from the target under illumination at 650 nm. The combination of these techniques supplies information about: material change from one scanning point to another, the presence of surface contaminants, the molecular and elemental composition of top target layers. Switching between the spectroscopic techniques and the laser wavelengths is fully automatic. The instrument is equipped with an autofocus and it performs scanning with a chosen grid density over an interactively-selected target area. Alternative to the spectroscopic measurements, it is possible to switch the instrument to a high magnification target viewing. The working distances tested until now are between 8.5 and 30 m. The instrument is self-powered and remotely controlled via wireless communication. The ILS has been fully developed at ENEA for security applications and it was successfully tested in two outdoor campaigns where an automatic recognition of areas containing explosives in traces had been implemented. The strategies for the identification of nitro-compounds placed on various substrates as fingerprints and the results obtained at a working distance of 10 m are discussed in the following.

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Femtosecond laser induced breakdown spectroscopy based standoff detection of explosives and discrimination using principal component analysis

Cited by 58 publications

References 79 publications

Plasma-grating-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Plasma-grating-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Discrimination of bimetallic alloy targets using femtosecond filament-induced breakdown spectroscopy in standoff mode

Integrated Laser Sensor (ILS) for Remote Surface Analysis: Application for Detecting Explosives in Fingerprints

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