Femtosecond-laser-written Microstructured Waveguides in BK7 Glass

Chen, George G.; Piantedosi, Fiorina; Otten, Dale E.; Zhang, Wen Qi; Zhou, Xin; Monro, Tanya M.; Lancaster, David G.

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-28631-3

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The obtained level of insertion losses is due to the technical imperfections of the experimental setup. The losses can be significantly reduced by implementing with the currently available technology utilized the position accuracy of hundreds of nanometers [ 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Sensitivity of Waveguides Inscribed in Nanoporous Silicate Framework

et al. 2021

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Laser direct writing technique in glass is a powerful tool for various waveguides’ fabrication that highly develop the element base for designing photonic devices. We apply this technique to fabricate waveguides in porous glass (PG). Nanoporous optical materials for the inscription can elevate the sensing ability of such waveguides to higher standards. The waveguides were fabricated by a single-scan approach with femtosecond laser pulses in the densification mode, which resulted in the formation of a core and cladding. Experimental studies revealed three types of waveguides and quantified the refractive index contrast (up to Δn = 1.2·10−2) accompanied with ~1.2 dB/cm insertion losses. The waveguides demonstrated the sensitivity to small objects captured by the nanoporous framework. We noticed that the deposited ethanol molecules (3 µL) on the PG surface influence the waveguide optical properties indicating the penetration of the molecule to its cladding. Continuous monitoring of the output near field intensity distribution allowed us to determine the response time (6 s) of the waveguide buried at 400 µm below the glass surface. We found that the minimum distinguishable change of the refractive index contrast is 2 × 10−4. The results obtained pave the way to consider the waveguides inscribed into PG as primary transducers for sensor applications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Sensitivity of Waveguides Inscribed in Nanoporous Silicate Framework

et al. 2021

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“…Photolithography and FIB micromachining, on the other hand, are slower. In addition, materials, including glasses [149,150], crystals [19,151], and polymers [152,153], WG…”

Section: Femtosecond-laser Writingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Thin Films Fabrication Techniques—Towards a Low-Cost Solution for the Integrated Photonic Platform: A Review of the Current Status

et al. 2022

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In the past few decades, several methods concerning optical thin films have been established to facilitate the development of integrated optics. This paper provides a brief depiction of different techniques for implementing optical waveguide thin films that involve chemical, physical, and refractive index modification methods. Recent advances in these fabrication methods are also been presented. Most of the methods developed for the realization of the thin-films are quite efficient, but they are expensive and require sophisticated equipment. The major interest of the scientists is to develop simple and cost-effective methods for mass production of optical thin films resulting in the effective commercialization of the waveguide technology. Our research group is focused on developing a silica-titania optical waveguide platform via the sol-gel dip-coating method and implementing active and passive optical elements via the wet etching method. We are also exploring the possibility of using nanoimprint lithography (NIL) for patterning these films so that the fabrication process is efficient and economical. The recent developments of this platform are discussed. We believe that silica-titania waveguide technology developed via the sol-gel dip-coating method is highly attractive and economical, such that it can be commercialized for applications such as sensing and optical interconnects.

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“…Furthermore, microcore waveguides can be fabricated by high repetition rate ULDW, which are the key for complex and compact integrated-optic circuits and sensors such as interferometric temperature sensors. [79,114] In addition, single ferroelectric LaBGeO 5 crystal waveguides and waveguide splitters are also fabricated in the glass with the 250 kHz fs laser writing, yielding loss of 2.61 dB cm −1 at 1530 nm, which implies that thermal ULDW expands the potential capabilities to pattern compact photonic integrated circuits with incorporation of nonlinear optical functionality. [115] Writing single crystal optically active waveguides with a graded refractive index in the glass is also possible, which relies on the laser induced heating in a convex growth front ahead of the laser focus.…”

Section: Waveguides and Related Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafast Laser Direct Writing in Glass: Thermal Accumulation Engineering and Applications

Tan

Zhang

Qiu

2021

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Ultrafast laser direct writing (ULDW) is explored as a facile technique to induce unprecedented physical phenomena and functional structures three dimensionally in glass. The rapid prototyping and compatibility with a diversity of materials offer solutions to requirements for various applications and new emerging platforms in photonic circuits and networks, quantum platform, optical storage, nonlinear optics, and integrated multifunctional photonic chips. In this review, tuning the local thermal accumulation in the ULDW is demonstrated to provide a unique opportunity to induce a series of physical phenomena and produce structure modifications in glass beyond ULDW with negligible thermal accumulation. The device performance and fabrication efficiency are also improvable with adjusting local thermal accumulation. The principles of thermal ULDW, the generated structures and their applications are reviewed. This paper also gives an outlook to the basic challenges of thermal ULDW, and the important and promising directions for the future research.

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Femtosecond-laser-written Microstructured Waveguides in BK7 Glass

Cited by 25 publications

References 28 publications

Optical Sensitivity of Waveguides Inscribed in Nanoporous Silicate Framework

Optical Sensitivity of Waveguides Inscribed in Nanoporous Silicate Framework

Optical Thin Films Fabrication Techniques—Towards a Low-Cost Solution for the Integrated Photonic Platform: A Review of the Current Status

Ultrafast Laser Direct Writing in Glass: Thermal Accumulation Engineering and Applications

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