1998
DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.80.4076
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Femtosecond Optical Breakdown in Dielectrics

Abstract: We report measurements of the optical breakdown threshold and ablation depth in dielectrics with different band gaps for laser pulse durations ranging from 5 ps to 5 fs at a carrier wavelength of 780 nm. For t , 100 fs, the dominant channel for free electron generation is found to be either impact or multiphoton ionization (MPI) depending on the size of the band gap. The observed MPI rates are substantially lower than those predicted by the Keldysh theory. We demonstrate that sub-10-fs laser pulses open up the… Show more

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Cited by 845 publications
(507 citation statements)
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“…The latter, especially in case of metals with a relatively low thermal conductivity, prevents the high level of precision which is achievable at lower repetition rates. Using shorter pulses makes it possible to prevent heat accumulation arising from irradiating with high-repetition-rate laser pulses since for pulses of a few picoseconds or shorter, heat diffusion is frozen within the interaction volume and the shock-like energy deposition leads to ablation [18]. Nevertheless, as soon as the pulse energy is increased melting cannot be avoided in multi-pulses femtosecond laser ablation processes [20].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The latter, especially in case of metals with a relatively low thermal conductivity, prevents the high level of precision which is achievable at lower repetition rates. Using shorter pulses makes it possible to prevent heat accumulation arising from irradiating with high-repetition-rate laser pulses since for pulses of a few picoseconds or shorter, heat diffusion is frozen within the interaction volume and the shock-like energy deposition leads to ablation [18]. Nevertheless, as soon as the pulse energy is increased melting cannot be avoided in multi-pulses femtosecond laser ablation processes [20].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The advantage of this technique is that the measurements can be performed at fluences well above threshold for which the detected fingerprint signals are clearly detectable by farfield microscopy [7]. The actual physical mechanisms of laser ablation depend on the type of materials and the irradiation properties such as laser wavelength [10], pulse duration [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] and repetition rate [14,20]. Change in the repetition rate affects the ablation threshold in two respects.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Experimentally, electron-hole plasmas are generated by irradiating solids with strong laser pulses, and the threshold for dielectric breakdown has been measured [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] . To describe the phenomena, model approaches such as a rate equation for electronic excitations have been developed [28][29][30][31][32][33] .…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It has long been realized that intense few-cycle laser pulses provide unique conditions for exploring extremely nonlinear phenomena in solids [1,2], the key idea being that a sample can withstand a stronger electric field if the duration of the interaction is shortened. Ultimately, a single-cycle laser pulse provides the best conditions for studying nonperturbative strong-field effects, especially those where the properties of a sample change within a fraction of a laser cycle.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%