Femtosecond Single-Shot Imaging of Nanoscale Ferromagnetic Order in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>Co</mml:mi><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mi>Pd</mml:mi></mml:math>Multilayers Using Resonant X-Ray Holography

Wang, Tianhan; Zhu, Diling; Wu, Benny; Graves, Catherine E.; Schaffert, S.; Rander, Torbjörn; Müller, Leonard; Vodungbo, Boris; Baumier, Cédric; Bernstein, David P.; Bräuer, Björn; Cros, Vincent; Jong, S. de; Delaunay, Renaud; Fognini, Andreas; Kukreja, Roopali; Lee, Sooheyong; López‐Flores, Víctor; Mohanty, J.; Pfau, Bastian; Popescu, Horia; Sacchi, M.; Sardinha, A. Barszczak; Sirotti, Fausto; Zeitoun, P.; Messerschmidt, Marc; Turner, Joshua J.; Schlotter, W. F.; Hellwig, Olav; Mattana, R.; Jaouen, N.; Fortuna, F.; Acremann, Yves; Gutt, Christian; Dürr, H. A.; Beaurepaire, E.; Boeglin, C.; Eisebitt, Stefan; Grübel, G.; Lüning, J.; Stöhr, J.; Scherz, Andreas

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.108.267403

Cited by 166 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The first time-resolved experiments relying on femtosecond X-ray sources have already led to new insight into ultrafast magnetization dynamics [19][20][21][22] . Snapshot imaging of nanoscale magnetic structures using a single femtosecond XFEL pulse has also been demonstrated 23,24 . However, the full potential of these new sources, combining temporal and spatial resolution, had not been exploited so far.…”

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Laser-induced ultrafast demagnetization in the presence of a nanoscale magnetic domain network

et al. 2012

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Femtosecond magnetization phenomena have been challenging our understanding for over a decade. most experiments have relied on infrared femtosecond lasers, limiting the spatial resolution to a few micrometres. With the advent of femtosecond X-ray sources, nanometric resolution can now be reached, which matches key length scales in femtomagnetism such as the travelling length of excited 'hot' electrons on a femtosecond timescale. Here we study laser-induced ultrafast demagnetization in [Co/Pd] 30 multilayer films, which, for the first time, achieves a spatial resolution better than 100 nm by using femtosecond soft X-ray pulses. This allows us to follow the femtosecond demagnetization process in a magnetic system consisting of alternating nanometric domains of opposite magnetization. no modification of the magnetic structure is observed, but, in comparison with uniformly magnetized systems of similar composition, we find a significantly faster demagnetization time. We argue that this may be caused by direct transfer of spin angular momentum between neighbouring domains.

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Laser-induced ultrafast demagnetization in the presence of a nanoscale magnetic domain network

et al. 2012

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“…The availability of extremely intense, spectrally tunable coherent light pulses facilitates progress in various scientific fields due to the possibility to perform optical spectroscopy [1] and imaging [2,3] of matter on its natural time and length scales. The concept of the free-electron laser allows to generate ultrafast optical pulses from the THz to the hard x-ray regime, determined solely by the electron bunch length and energy.…”

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Femtosecond single-shot timing and direct observation of subpulse formation in an infrared free-electron laser

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Colson

Gewinner

et al. 2018

Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams

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We experimentally demonstrate a single-shot arrival time monitor for short picosecond infrared freeelectron laser (IR FEL) pulses based on balanced optical cross-correlation with a synchronized fs table-top laser. Employing this timing tool at the Fritz Haber Institute IR FEL, we observe a shot-to-shot timing jitter of only 100 fs and minute-scale timing drifts of a few picoseconds, the latter being strictly correlated with the electron beam energy of the accelerator. We acquire sum-frequency cross-correlation data with micropulse resolution, providing full access to the IR FEL pulse shape evolution within the macropulse. These measurements provide unprecedented insights into the occurrence of limit-cycle oscillations of the FEL intensity as a consequence of subpulse formation. Our experimental results are complemented by fourdimensional simulations of the nonlinear pulse dynamics in a low-gain FEL oscillator based on MaxwellLorentz theory.

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“…The technique is particularly suited to imaging magnetic domains and other magnetic samples because holograms generated with circularly polarized X-rays can be used to separate charge scattering from magnetic scattering [3][4][5] . X-ray holography has developed into a powerful single measurement technique 1,6 and has promising applications using X-ray lasers to study structures of radiation-sensitive samples and the structural changes of transient phenomena [6][7][8] . The definitive feature of holography is the use of a reference wave to facilitate a simple, direct and robust image-reconstruction procedure.…”

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X-ray holography with a customizable reference

et al. 2014

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In X-ray Fourier-transform holography, images are formed by exploiting the interference pattern between the X-rays scattered from the sample and a known reference wave. To date, this technique has only been possible with a limited set of special reference waves. We demonstrate X-ray Fourier-transform holography with an almost unrestricted choice for the reference wave, permitting experimental geometries to be designed according to the needs of each experiment and opening up new avenues to optimize signal-to-noise and resolution. The optimization of holographic references can aid the development of holographic techniques to meet the demands of resolution and fidelity required for single-shot imaging applications with X-ray lasers.

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Femtosecond Single-Shot Imaging of Nanoscale Ferromagnetic Order inCo/PdMultilayers Using Resonant X-Ray Holography

Cited by 166 publications

References 31 publications

Laser-induced ultrafast demagnetization in the presence of a nanoscale magnetic domain network

Laser-induced ultrafast demagnetization in the presence of a nanoscale magnetic domain network

Femtosecond single-shot timing and direct observation of subpulse formation in an infrared free-electron laser

X-ray holography with a customizable reference

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