Fenitrothion Alters Sperm Characteristics in Rats: Ameliorating Effects of Palm Oil Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction

Abstract

Exposure to organophosphate insecticides such as fenitrothion (FNT) in agriculture and public health has been reported to affect sperm quality. Antioxidants may have a potential to reduce spermatotoxic effects induced by organophosphate. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of palm oil tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) in reducing the detrimental effects occurring in spermatozoa of FNT-treated rats. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four equal groups: a control group and groups of rats treated orally with palm oil TRF (200 mg/kg), FNT (20 mg/kg) and palm oil TRF (200 mg/kg) combined with FNT (20 mg/kg). The sperm characteristics, DNA damage, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl (PC) were evaluated. Supplementation with TRF attenuated the detrimental effects of FNT by significantly increasing the sperm counts, motility, and viability and decreased the abnormal sperm morphology. The SOD activity and GSH level were significantly increased, whereas the MDA and PC levels were significantly decreased in the TRF+FNT group compared with the rats receiving FNT alone. TRF significantly decreased the DNA damage in the sperm of FNT-treated rats. A significant correlation between abnormal sperm morphology and DNA damage was found in all groups. TRF showed the potential to reduce the detrimental effects occurring in spermatozoa of FNT-treated rats.

El Glufosinato De Amonio Altera La Calidad Y El Adn De Los Espermatozoides De Ratón

“…Urióstegui-Acosta et al (2014a) reportaron un incremento en los parámetros de motilidad, viabilidad y morfología anormal a dosis repetidas de metamidofos en varios estadios de la espermatogénesis (espermatogonia, espermatocito y espermatozoide maduro). De igual manera, la exposición a dosis repetidas de fenitrotión alteró la concentración, viabilidad, motilidad y morfología de los espermatozoides (Taib et al 2014). Por su parte, Piña-Guzmán et al (2005 demostraron que dosis únicas de diazinón y metil-paratión disminuyen la viabilidad, la motilidad y alteran la morfología espermática, además de encontrar una correlación positiva entre las alteraciones en la cromatina y en el ADN espermático.…”

Pesticide Exposures Induce Male-Mediated Reproductive Toxicity: A Review

“…Increasing the sperm cell abnormalities specifically DNA damage were reported in several cases either human exposed to Polychlorinated biphenyls (Rignell-Hydbom et al, 2005) also in animal studies exposed to Methamidophos Methyl-Parathion (Piña-Guzmán et al, 2006), Imidacloprid (Bal et al, 2012) and Fenitrothion (Taib et al, 2014). Spermatogenesis is essential for the production of offspring whereby it is regulated by an estimation of more than 2300 genes (Tamowski et al, 2010).…”

“…Taib et al (2014) reported that sperm DNA damage occurs in male rat given 20 mg/kg Fenitrothion orally for 28 days. ROS attack carbohydrate, lipid, protein and DNA hence altering enzymatic systems, producing irreparable alterations, causing cell death and eventually lead to a decline in sperm parameters associated with male infertility (Agarwal et al, 2014).…”

“…Nowadays, users start to take supplements such as vitamin E in their diets. Previous studies have shown that vitamin E from palm oil tocotrienol-rich fraction and DL-α-tocopherol acetate might have protective effect against treated rats by scavenging free radicals generated following pesticides exposures (Taib et al, 2014;Yassa et al, 2011).…”

“…The book led to the national ban on DDT and other pesticides as consequences from some huge changes regarding pesticides in the US national policy (Carson, 1962). Administration of pesticides through several routes such as oral, dermal and inhalation will affect germline cells by causing DNA double-strand breaks and later might alter the offspring (Bal et al, 2012;Piña-Guzmán et al, 2006;Rignell-Hydbom et al, 2005;Taib et al, 2014). Hence, this review will only focus on the mechanisms and the evidence of pesticides induced male-mediated reproductive toxicity.…”