Fenologia e biologia reprodutiva de duas espécies de Byrsonima Rich. (Malpighiaceae) em área de Cerrado no Nordeste do Brasil

Abstract

Abstract:The knowledge of the phenology patterns and of the floral biology, the determination of the role of the vectors of pollen flow, besides the understanding of the reproductive system, are fundamental points for the understanding of the reproductive biology of the species. The pollination ecology, reproductive system, flowering phenology and floral visitors of Byrsonima umbellata Mart. and B. rotunda Griseb. were studied in a Cerrado area, at Urbano Santos municipality, Maranhão State. B. umbellata presented extended flowering period (eight months) and B. rotunda showed brief flowering period (one month). The species had hermaphroditic flowers with diurnal anthesis. B. umbellata is facultatively self-incompatible, showing higher fruit production through cross-pollinators (46.6%), and B. rotunda is mainly self-compatible, with fruit production in all treatments, even through agamospermy (60%), although higher production was achieved in geitonogamy (90%). We observed 42 and 16 species of bees in B. umbellata and B. rotunda flowers, respectively. Centris aenea and C. (Trachina) sp.n. were considered the main pollinators of B. umbellata flowers and C. aenea of B. rotunda. Both Byrsonima species present important ecological function, representing important resources to several species of bees during flowering season deficit in the studied environment.

Pollen Viability and Autogamy Fitness in Bauhinia forficata Link (Fabaceae)

“…For the autogamy aptitude test (with the purpose of preventing the interaction of pollen biotic vectors with the flower), three floral buds were isolated per matrix with the aid of Voil bags, totaling 33 floral buds, which were thus protected until the fruit ripening period (adapted from Aguiar &Gaglianone, 2008 andMendes et al, 2011). This test determined whether anthesis of the isolated buds and the formation of fruit occurred or not.…”

FONTES DE PÓLEN UTILIZADAS POR Apis mellifera LATREILLE NA REGIÃO SEMIÁRIDA

“…O papel ecológico destes insetos é fundamental na manutenção da diversidade vegetal (2) , pois eles mantém uma relação intrínseca com inúmeras espécies de plantas (1) . Durante suas visitas às flores, as abelhas coletam diferentes materiais desde óleos florais (3) , néctar (4,5) , resina (6) e pólen (7) , do qual obtém recursos para sua sobrevivência, e ainda podem promover a polinização cruzada ao transferirem o pólen de uma flor para outra (2) . Em todas as fases da vida, as abelhas utilizam o pólen e o néctar como principais fontes de alimento.…”

Krameria tomentosa oil flowers and their pollinators: Bees specialized on trichome elaiophores exploit its epithelial oil glands

“…Self-fertilization and even agamospermy have been reported within Angelonia, Banisteriopsis, Byrsonima, Peixotoa and Tetrapterys (Anderson, 1982;Vogel and Machado, 1991;Sigrist and Sazima, 2004;Benezar and Pessoni, 2006;Mendes et al, 2012); however, most oil plants require pollen transfer by their pollinators for seed set, even self-compatible ones (Rêgo and Albuquerque, 1989;Teixeira and Machado, 2000;Pereira and Freitas, 2002;Machado et al, 2002;Sigrist and Sazima, 2004;Oliveira et al, 2007;Bezerra et al, 2009a).…”