Fenton coupled with nanofiltration for elimination of Bisphenol A

Abstract

14 15Bisphenol A (BPA) is a typical Endocrine Disrupting Chemical (EDC), which is potentially 16 harmful during wastewater reclamation. In this study, its degradation during Fenton's process 17 under different operational conditions was investigated in combination with subsequent 18 nanofiltration of low concentration remnant BPA and compounds derived from oxidation. 19The results indicate that BPA could be degraded efficiently in aqueous phase by Fenton, even 20 at very low hydrogen peroxide doses. The treatment of up to 300 mg/L solutions of BPA 21with Fenton liquor at optimal conditions resulted in its complete removal in less than 2 min. 22The optimal conditions were found to be pH r = 3, H 2 O 2 /BPA = 0.20 and Fe 2+ /BPA = 0.012. 23 Five NF polymeric membranes having different properties were used for the nanofiltration of 24 treated and non-treated solutions. The nanofiltration of BPA solutions showed that rejection 25 is related to adsorption ability of BPA on the membrane and size exclusion mechanism. In 26 the nanofiltration of the effluent after Fenton oxidation, high TOC, COD, colour and Fe 2+ 27 (>77%) removal were achieved, although significant membrane fouling was also observed. 28The normalised water flux after membrane flushing with water was lower than 60% in almost 29 all used membranes, which indicates significant non-easily removable fouling. 30 31

Removal of bisphenol A (BPA) from biologically treated wastewater by microfiltration and nanofiltration

“…Similarly, in the experiment by Bolong et al (2010), there was a significant decrease of BPA rejection from 60 to 30 % when the initial BPA concentration was increased from 100 to 500 ppm. Another study has also found that, during NF of BPA solutions, rejection is related to a size exclusion mechanism and the ability of the membrane to adsorb BPA (Escalona et al 2014). It has been suggested that physical adsorption on MF membranes is insignificant in pollutant removal because sorption is reversible and there is a limited active surface on the membrane with a limited number of sorption sites (Sun et al 2015).…”

“…These hybrid processes combine membrane filtration with BPA degradation during Fenton's process, among other techniques. However, significant membrane fouling was observed in the NF of the effluent even after Fenton oxidation (Escalona et al 2014).…”

“…Hydrophobic compounds, such as BPA, tend to strongly bind to hydrophobic materials like membranes. Hence, adsorption of organic compounds could change the hydrophobicity of the membrane surface, which could cause fouling (Escalona et al 2014). In the current study, the intensity of fouling was probably not affected by COD in the feed solution, as indicated by the fact that the permeability of the membrane to COD was similar in MF and NF.…”

Applicability of combined Fenton oxidation and nanofiltration to pharmaceutical wastewater

“…The principle of the process is the catalytic cycle of the reaction between ferrous ions (catalyst) and hydrogen peroxide (oxidant) to produce hydroxyl radicals ( Å OH) [16]. The hydroxyl radicals attack the organic compound leading to its partial or complete oxidation and producing carbon dioxide and water.…”

Removal of Endocrine Disruptors from Urban Wastewater by Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs): A Review

“…The removal of BPA was also investigated by a combined Fenton/nanofiltration process. Escalona et al [86] showed that BPA could be almost completely degraded by Fenton process, along with 78.2 and 59.1% conversions for COD and TOC, respectively. The subsequent nanofiltration of the Fenton treated effluent allowed a rejection of COD, TOC, colour and Fe 2+ always higher than 81%.…”