The dissociative adsorption of O 2 molecules on clean and oxygen-precovered Fe͑110͒ and Fe͑100͒ surfaces has been studied from first principles. For the relatively open Fe͑100͒ surface, we find that along the most favorable reaction channel, O 2 dissociation remains a nonactivated process up to almost full monolayer coverage. The differential heat of adsorption decreases only slowly with increasing oxygen precoverage. The potential energy profile for dissociation shows a dip, which is indicative of the formation of a very short-lived nonmagnetic peroxo precursor. On the close packed Fe͑110͒ surface, the differential heat of adsorption begins to decrease already at a modest precoverage. For dissociation on a surface precovered with about 0.44 monolayer of oxygen, a low barrier begins to appear in the entrance channel. In the transition state, the incoming molecule is in a superoxo state with a magnetic moment of 1 B . Our results are discussed in relation to the electronic and magnetic properties of the partially precovered surfaces and to the available experimental results.