Feral Rye (<i>Secale cereale</i>) in Agricultural Production Systems

White, Anthony D.; Lyon, Drew J.; Mallory‐Smith, Carol; Medlin, Case R.; Yenish, Joseph P.

doi:10.1614/wt-05-129r1.1

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Perennial forages are widely acknowledged to improve weed management when used as break crops in annual crop systems (Entz et al, 2002). Annual forages also are effective in reducing weed pressure in spring‐seeded cropping systems (Harker et al, 2003; Schoofs and Entz, 2000), and may provide improved management for difficult to control weeds, including feral rye ( Secale cereale L.) (White et al, 2006), that were not present during our study.…”

Section: Weed Density and Seed Productionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Forage Yield and Quality, Water Use, and Weeds of Selected Winter Cereals

Lenssen¹,

Cash

Carlstrom

2015

Crop Forage & Turfgrass Mgmt

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Fall‐seeded cereals harvested as forage may be suitable rotation crops in the spring grain region of the northern Great Plains (NGP). A 3‐year field study was conducted to determine the biomass, forage quality, weed community, and water use dynamics of cereals grown for forage with or without post‐emergence broadleaf weed control. Fall‐seeded cereals were ‘Willow Creek’ awnletted winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), ‘Yellowstone’ awned winter wheat, and ‘Bobcat’ awnletted triticale (× Triticosecale Wittm.). ‘Hays’ hooded barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was included as a spring‐planted control. Willow Creek had greater biomass yield than other fall‐seeded cereals, ranging from 4265 to 8435 lb/acre dry matter. Hays barley and Willow Creek had similar forage yield for 2 years, but Hays was the lowest yielding entry in 1 year. Water use (WU) and water use efficiency (WUE) were higher for Willow Creek than Yellowstone or Bobcat, while WU and WUE of Hays were intermediate to fall cereal entries. All entries had acceptable levels of crude protein and fiber for beef cattle maintenance diets. Willow Creek had the lowest crude protein concentration all three years despite harvesting entries at similar maturity. Weed biomass varied with cereal entry × year, but never exceeded 8% of total biomass for fall‐seeded cereals. In the absence of postemergence weed control, weed seed production was low with all entries. Fall‐seeded cereal forages are well adapted to the spring‐seeded cereal region of the semiarid NGP.

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Section: Weed Density and Seed Productionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Forage Yield and Quality, Water Use, and Weeds of Selected Winter Cereals

Lenssen¹,

Cash

Carlstrom

2015

Crop Forage & Turfgrass Mgmt

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“…Cultivated rice is a predominantly self‐pollinating species with a relatively low level of pollen load, compared with many other cross‐pollinating crop species like maize and rye (Halsey et al ., ; White et al ., ). The local conspecific pollen grains are responsible for most of the effective pollination in rice, which limited the opportunities of outcrossing from alien pollen grains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Scale effect on rice pollen‐mediated gene flow: implications in assessing transgene flow from genetically engineered plants

Rong

Wang

Song

et al. 2012

Annals of Applied Biology

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Transgene flow from genetically engineered (GE) crops to non-GE varieties and wild relatives via pollen-mediated gene flow (PMGF) may create food and environmental biosafety concerns. Assessing the level of PMGF from GE crops is required before commercialization. Whether the level of PMGF estimated at relatively small scales can sufficiently represent the actual scenario at large production scales remains unresolved. Here, we estimated average PMGF frequencies from three insect-resistant GE rice lines to their non-GE counterparts at four scales ranging from 9 to 576 m 2 , having the number of GE to non-GE plants constantly at the ratio of 8:1. Based on nearly 1.3 million examined seedlings from non-GE rice plots, very low frequencies (<0.1%) of transgene flow were detected. The highest frequencies were found in plots at the smallest scales. Scale had a significantly negative effect on the frequency of PMGF in rice, with decreased gene flow at increased scale. An extended PMGF model could well represent the experimental data. Field experiments at relatively small scales combined with mathematical modelling could provide useful prediction on the level of rice transgene flow at large production scales. This is probably applicable for other crop species with wind-and self-pollination.Scale effect on rice gene flow J. Rong et al.

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“…While no information exists on triticale or wheat in ruderal environments, volunteer herbicide‐resistant canola is frequently found along transport routes although it has not formed self‐sustaining or feral populations on the northern Great Plains (Beckie and Owen, 2007). Populations of feral rye ( Secale cereale L.), a winter form, are causing economic losses in winter wheat production systems of the midwestern United States (White et al, 2006). Similar to triticale and wheat, feral rye does not exhibit primary dormancy; however, unlike wheat or triticale, feral rye does show low levels of inducible secondary dormancy that contributes to the seed persistence (up to 5 yr) in the United States (Stump and Westra, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of Triticale Seed in the Soil Seed Bank

et al. 2012

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____ Spring triticale {xTriticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus) is being developed as a bio-product crop for the Canadian prairies and may involve the use of genetic modification. Seed loss before or during harvest from genetically modified (GM) triticale could impact its ability to coexist with conventional crops. Experiments were conducted in Alberta, Canada, to determine if spring triticale exhibits primary dormancy relative to wheat {Triticum aestivum L.) and whether seeds persist in the seed bank. Primary dormancy was assessed for four triticale cultivars, AC Alta, Blue Aleurone, Tyndal, and AC Ultima, and AC Barrie wheat by quantifying germination weekly from anthesistopostharvest. Seed persistence was assessed for the same cultivars by placing seed-filled mesh bags on the soil surface (0 cm) and at 2 and 12 cm burial depths. Before harvest in 2009, germinations were less than 56% for all cultivars. After harvest, AC Barrie and Blue Aleurone exhibited a short period of primary dormancy. In 2010, wet conditions were conducive to preharvest sprouting. Germinations ranged from 46 to 85% preharvest with no lingering primary dormancy postharvest. Seeds buried to 12 cm germinated readily, removing them from the seed bank within 7 mo, while 99% of seeds buried to 2 cm were nonviable 11 mo after burial. Seeds on the soil surface persisted longest; however, 99% were nonviabie after 26 mo. Like wheat, triticale has little or no primary dormancy, and results from this study suggest triticale seed does not persist in the seed bank.

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Feral Rye (Secale cereale) in Agricultural Production Systems

Cited by 29 publications

References 42 publications

Forage Yield and Quality, Water Use, and Weeds of Selected Winter Cereals

Forage Yield and Quality, Water Use, and Weeds of Selected Winter Cereals

Scale effect on rice pollen‐mediated gene flow: implications in assessing transgene flow from genetically engineered plants

Persistence of Triticale Seed in the Soil Seed Bank

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