Fermentation Capacity of Fecal Microbial Inocula of Przewalski Horse, Kulan, and Chapman Zebra and Polysaccharide Hydrolytic Activities of Fecal Microbial Constituents (Ciliates and Bacteria) of Kulan and Chapman Zebra

Laho, T.; Váradyová, Zora; Mihaliková, K.; Kišidayová, Svetlana

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2012.05.064

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Preparation of crude protein extracts from rumen contents, and measurements of hydrolytic enzyme activities against starch, xylan, and carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC) were carried out according to [ 25 ]. Thawed samples of rumen contents were resuspended at a 1:5 ratio in citrate buffer [ 17 ] with pH 6.8 containing a protease inhibitor cocktail (Complete Mini EDTA-free protease inhibitor cocktail tablets, Roche Diagnostics, Meylan, France).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of high dose of two manganese supplements (organic and inorganic) on the rumen microbial ecosystem

et al. 2018

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Little is known about the effects of the high dose and types of manganese supplements on rumen environment at manganese intake level close above the limit of 150 mg/kg of dry feed matter. The effects of high dose of two manganese supplements (organic and inorganic) on rumen microbial ecosystem after four months of treatment of 18 lambs divided into three treatment groups were studied. We examined the enzyme activities (α-amylase, xylanase, and carboxymethyl cellulase), total and differential microscopic counts of rumen ciliates, total microscopic counts of bacteria, and fingerprinting pattern of the eubacterial and ciliates population analyzed by PCR-DGGE. Lambs were fed a basal diet with a basal Mn content (34.3 mg/kg dry matter; control) and supplemented either with inorganic manganous sulfate or organic Mn-chelate hydrate (daily 182.7, 184 mg/kg dry matter of feed, respectively). Basal diet, offered twice daily, consisted of ground barley and hay (268 and 732 g/kg dry matter per animal and day). The rumens of the lambs harbored ciliates of the genera of Entodinium, Epidinium, Diplodinium, Eudiplodinium, Dasytricha, and Isotricha. No significant differences between treatment groups were observed in the total ciliate number, the number of ciliates at the genus level, as well as the total number of bacteria. Organic Mn did decrease the species richness and diversity of the eubacterial population examined by PCR-DGGE. No effects of type of Mn supplement on the enzyme activities were observed. In comparison to the control, α-amylase specific activities were decreased and carboxymethyl-cellulase specific activities were increased by the Mn supplements. Xylanase activities were not influenced. In conclusion, our results suggested that the intake of tested inorganic and organic manganese supplements in excess may affect the specific groups of eubacteria. More studies on intake of Mn supplements at a level close to the limit can reveal if the changes in microbial population impact remarkably the other rumen enzymatic activities.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of high dose of two manganese supplements (organic and inorganic) on the rumen microbial ecosystem

et al. 2018

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“…Until recently, nutritional research in Przewalski’s horse has mainly focused on dietary preferences, food selection, and feeding behavior of captive and reintroduced populations (Berger et al, 1999; Meng, 2007), but more recently also on dietary requirements prior to their extinction in the wild using stable isotopes (Burnik Šturm et al, 2016; Kaczensky et al, 2017). Lately, comparative studies on the dietary requirements of Przewalski’s horses extended their scope to the role of intestinal microbiota during digestion (Laho et al, 2013; Metcalf et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community Composition and Diversity of Intestinal Microbiota in Captive and Reintroduced Przewalski’s Horse (Equus ferus przewalskii)

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2019

Front. Microbiol.

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Large and complex intestinal microbiota communities in hosts have profound effects on digestion and metabolism. To better understand the community structure of intestinal microbiota in Przewalski’s horse ( Equus ferus przewalskii ) under different feeding regimes, we compared bacterial diversity and composition between captive and reintroduced Przewalski’s horses, using high-throughput 16S-rRNA gene sequencing for identification. Reintroduced Przewalski’s horses were sampled in two Chinese nature reserves, i.e., Dunhuang Xihu Nature Reserve (DXNR; n = 8) in Gansu Province and Kalamaili Nature Reserve (KNR; n = 12) in Xinjiang Province, and compared to a captive population at the Przewalski’s Horse Breeding Center in Xinjiang (PHBC; n = 11). The composition of intestinal microbiota in Przewalski’s horses was significantly different at the three study sites. Observed species was lowest in DXNR, but highest in KNR. Lowest Shannon diversity was observed in DXNR, while in KNR and PHBC had a moderately high diversity; Simpson diversity showed an opposite trend compared with the Shannon index. Linear Discriminant Analysis effect size was used to determine differentially distributed bacterial taxa at each study site. The most dominant phyla of intestinal microbiota were similar in all feeding regimes, including mainly Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Spirochaetes. Differing abundances of intestinal microbiota in Przewalski’s horses may be related to different food types at each study site, differences in diversity may be attributed to low quality food in DXNR. Results indicated that diet is one of the important factors that can influence the structure of intestinal microbiota communities in Przewalski’s horse. These findings combined with a detailed knowledge of the available and consumed food plant species could provide guidelines for the selection of potential future reintroduction sites.

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“…These feedstuffs were dried in an oven at 60°C for 24 hr to ensure maximum dryness and no moisture. Feed was pre-treated to mimic the condition in which it would reach the hindgut [ 13 , 21 ]. Initially samples were ground through a screen-grinder (1mm pore size) to mimic the actions of mastication and prehension.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This digestion buffer contained: 0.8 g/ l NH 4 HCO 3 ; 7 g/ l NaHCO 3 ; 1.89 g/ l Na 2 HPO 4 .12H 2 O; 1.44 g/ l anhydrous KH 2 PO 4 ; 200 mg/ l trypticase peptone; 120 mg/ l MgSO 4 .7H 2 O; 1.32 µ g/ l CaCl 2 .2H 2 O; 1 µ g/ l MnCl 2 .4H 2 O; 0.1 µ g/ l CoCl 2 .6H 2 O; 0.8 µ g/ l FeCl 3 .6H 2 O. While this buffer was developed for work with ruminant samples, and has differences in composition from some reports on horse saliva [ 1 ], it has already been used successfully for experiments with horses [ 13 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

<i>In vitro</i> analysis of the effect of supplementation with activated charcoal on the equine hindgut

Edmunds

Worgan

Dougal

et al. 2016

JES

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The present study uses in vitro analytical techniques to investigate the effect of activated charcoal on the microbial community of the equine hindgut and the metabolites they produce. Incubations were performed in Wheaton bottles using a 50 ml incubation of a high-energy feed or a low-energy feed, plus bottles with no added food source, together with five levels of activated charcoal (0, 10, 25, 50 or 100 mg per bottle) and fecal samples as a bacterial inoculum. Using this method the rate of gas production, volatile fatty acid and ammonia concentrations, and pH values were analyzed and found to vary depending on the addition of feed, but the activated charcoal had no effect (P>0.05) on any of these. It is already believed that the effect of activated charcoal as a control for toxic substances is at its highest in the foregut or midgut of animals, and therefore should have little impact on the hindgut. The data presented here suggest that if any of the activated charcoal does reach the hindgut, then it has no significant impact on the microbial community present, nor on the major metabolites produced, and so should not have a detrimental effect on the principal site of fermentation in the horse.

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Fermentation Capacity of Fecal Microbial Inocula of Przewalski Horse, Kulan, and Chapman Zebra and Polysaccharide Hydrolytic Activities of Fecal Microbial Constituents (Ciliates and Bacteria) of Kulan and Chapman Zebra

Cited by 8 publications

References 29 publications

The effects of high dose of two manganese supplements (organic and inorganic) on the rumen microbial ecosystem

The effects of high dose of two manganese supplements (organic and inorganic) on the rumen microbial ecosystem

Community Composition and Diversity of Intestinal Microbiota in Captive and Reintroduced Przewalski’s Horse (Equus ferus przewalskii)

<i>In vitro</i> analysis of the effect of supplementation with activated charcoal on the equine hindgut

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