Fermentation Characteristics and Nitrogen Retention of Madura Cattle Fed Complete Rations Containing Soybean Pod and By-Products

Abstract

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of complete rations containing soybean pod and soybean by-products (soybean meal and tofu waste) on rumen microbial population, fermentation characteristics, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen retention of Madura cattle. Twelve Madura cattle of 1.5 years of age were given 4 feeding treatments in triplicates in randomized block design experiment. The treatments included T0 (100% native grass) as a negative control, T1 (concentrate: grass (60:40) as a positive control, T2 (complete ration containing 15% soybean pods), and T3 (complete ration containing 30% soybean pods). The treatments were based on feeding practices commonly applied by farmers in the village. The results showed that the use of concentrate rations or complete rations containing soybean pod and by-product did not affect protozoa population, ammonia concentration, and total VFA production compared to cattle fed 100% native grass. In contrast, the use of concentrate rations or complete rations containing soybean pod and by-products reduced acetate and increased butyrate proportion compared to native grass. The use of a concentrate ration resulted the highest propionate proportion. Methane estimation increased with the use of concentrate ration or complete ration containing 15% soybean pod, but it decreased when the level of soybean pod was increased to 30%. It can be concluded that soybean pod has a potential to be used as a fiber source in beef cattle ration to substitute native grass.Keywords: rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen retention, madura cattle, soybean pod ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh ransum komplit yang mengandung kulit polong kedelai dan hasil ikutan kedelai (bungkil kedelai dan ampas tahu) pada populasi mikrob rumen, karakteristik fermentasi, kecernaan nutrien, dan retensi nitrogen. Penelitian menggunakan 12 ekor sapi Madura umur 1,5 tahun. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok dengan 4 perlakuan pakan dan setiap perlakuan terdiri atas 3 kelompok sebagai ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah T0 (100% rumput lapang)/kontrol negatif, T1 (konsentrat:hijauan= 60:40)/ kontrol positif, T2 (ransum komplit yang mengandung kulit polong kedelai 15%), dan T3 (ransum komplit yang mengandung kulit polong kedelai 30%). Perlakuan yang digunakan berbasis pada pakan yang biasa digunakan oleh rakyat peternak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ransum komplit yang mengandung ikutan kedelai serta kulit polong kedelai 15% dan 30% tidak mempengaruhi populasi protozoa, konsentrasi amonia, dan produksi VFA total dibandingkan dengan ransum yang 100% rumput lapang. Sebaliknya, penggunaan ransum konsentrat atau ransum komplit yang mengandung kulit polong kedelai dan hasil ikutan kedelai mampu menurunkan proporsi asetat dan meningkatkan proporsi butirat dibandingkan dengan ternak yang mendapat rumput lapang saja. Penggunaan ransum konsentrat menghasilkan proporsi propionat yang paling tinggi. Estimasi metan meningkat dengan penggunaan ransum kon...

The Use of Coffee Husk as Napier Grass Substitution and Its Effect on Madura Cattle Performance

“…The digestibility value of crude protein in this study were quite similar to those of the study reported by Wiryawan et al (2017) with Madura cattle fed complete ration containing soybean pod of 15 and 30% with crude protein content of 15.2 and 15% resulted in crude protein digestibility of 89.4 and 87.0%, respectively, while in the present experiment the crude protein digestibility ranged from 84.43% -87.17%. The crude protein content of the feed in this study was somewhat higher, i.e., 16.12 -16.48% and TDN was rather low (Table 3) compared to those reported by Wiryawan et al (2017). According to McDonald et al (2011) protein digestibility of feed depends on protein quantity and quality in rations and rumen microbial activity.…”

“…The digestibility of dry matter in this study ranged from 83.30 to 84.82% (Table 5). This digestibility values were comparable to the result of Wiryawan et al (2017) by feeding Madura cattle with complete ration containing 15% and 30% soybean pod resulted in DM digestibility of 83 and 83.6%. Umar et al (2007) reported that madura cattle fed a diet with concentrate and napier grass ratio of 46.5 : 53.5 with a crude fiber content of 21.36% resulted in a dry matter digestibility value of 65.51%.…”

“…For rumen bacterial growth high protein supply should be provided with proper energy availability. In present experiment energy (TDN); protein ratio ranged from 3.98 -4.07 and gave daily gain of 0.84 -0.93 kg/day while the experiment (Wiryawan et al 2017) energy (TDN) ; protein ratio were 4.49 and 4.55 and gave daily gain of 0.67 and 0.57 kg/day. Study on the different levels of energy and protein, Li et al (2014) found that cattle given high energy diet combined with either low or high protein tended to result in higher gain than those fed low energy diet, i.e., 0.74 vs 0.64 kg/day.…”

“…It may also be concluded that between these two agriculture wastes, coffe husk can be used better as feed ingredient for beef cattle than soybean pod. Coffee husk, in this experiment, had crude protein and crude fibre of 8.22 and 31.62%, respectively, meanwhile soybean pod had crude protein and crude fibre content of 5.5 and 35.4%, respectively (Wiryawan et al 2017).…”

“…However, protein utilization efficiency is not just based on the quantity, but also its quality. Wiryawan et al (2017) reported that feeding Madura cattle with complete ration consuming crude protein of 1300 and 800 g/head/day had daily gain of 674 and 570 g/head/day. These cattle daily gain is lower than those obtained in present experiment.…”