Fermentation Characteristics of Several Carbohydrate Sources for Dog Diets Using the<i>In Vitro</i>Gas Production Technique

Calabrò, Serena; Carciofí, Aulus Cavalieri; Musco, Nadia; Tudisco, Raffaella; Gomes, Márcia de Oliveira Sampaio; Cutrignelli, Monica Isabella

doi:10.4081/ijas.2013.e4

Cited by 38 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…Production of butyric acid has been associated with improved gut health (Macfarlane and Macfarlane, 2012). Specifically, butyrate is the most interesting of the VFA, because butyrate is an important energy source for the colonic epithelium and regulates cell growth and differentiation (Calabrò et al, 2013). Fermentation characteristics in the pig intestine vary widely among feedstuffs (Jha et al, 2010;Jha and Leterme, 2012) and it is important to understand their contribution toward energy needs and gut health of pigs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro digestion and fermentation characteristics of canola co-products simulate their digestion in the pig intestine

Woyengo

Jha

Beltranena

et al. 2016

Animal

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Canola co-products are sources of amino acid and energy in pig feeds, but their fermentation characteristics in the pig intestine are unknown. Thus, we determined the in vitro fermentation characteristics of the canola co-products Brassica juncea solvent-extracted canola meal (JSECM), Brassica napus solvent-extracted canola meal (NSECM), B. napus expeller-pressed canola meal (NEPCM) and B. napus cold-pressed canola cake (NCPCC) in comparison with soybean meal (SBM). Samples were hydrolysed in two steps using pepsin and pancreatin. Subsequently, residues were incubated in a buffer solution with fresh pig faeces as inocula for 72 h to measure gas production. Concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) per gram of dry matter (DM) of feedstuff was measured in fermented solutions. Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and apparent hindgut fermentation (AHF) of gross energy (GE) for feedstuffs were obtained from pigs fed the same feedstuffs. On DM basis, SBM, JSECM, NSECM, NEPCM and NCPCC contained 15, 19, 22, 117 and 231 g/kg ether extract; and 85, 223, 306, 208 and 176 g/kg NDF, respectively. In vitro digestibility of DM (IVDDM) of SBM (82.3%) was greater ( P < 0.05) than that of JSECM (68.5%), NSECM (63.4%), NEPCM (67.5%) or NCPCC (69.8%). The JSECM had greater ( P < 0.05) IVDDM than NSECM. The IVDDM for NSECM was lower ( P < 0.05) than that for NEPCM, which was lower ( P < 0.05) than that for NCPCC. Similarly, AID of GE was greatest for SBM followed by NCPCC, JSECM, NEPCM and then NSECM. Total VFA production for SBM (0.73 mmol/g) was lower ( P < 0.05) than that of JSECM (1.38 mmol/g) or NSECM (1.05 mmol/g), but not different from that of NEPCM (0.80 mmol/g) and NCPCC (0.62 mmol/g). Total VFA production of JSECM was greater ( P < 0.05) than that of NSECM. Total VFA production of NSECM was greater ( P < 0.05) than that of NEPCM or NCPCC, which differed ( P < 0.05). The ranking of feedstuffs for total VFA production was similar to AHF of GE. In conclusion, in vitro fermentation characteristics of canola co-products and SBM simulated their fermentation in the small and large intestine of pigs, respectively. The 30% greater VFA production for JSECM than NSECM due to lower lignified fibre of JSECM indicates that fermentation characteristics differ between canola species. The NSECM had the highest fermentability followed by NEPCM and then NCPCC, indicating that fat in canola co-products can limit their fermentability in the hindgut.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro digestion and fermentation characteristics of canola co-products simulate their digestion in the pig intestine

Woyengo

Jha

Beltranena

et al. 2016

Animal

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“…The SCFA production registered after 72 hr of fermentation was higher for all substrates than the data obtained by Calabrò et al (2013) reported (Bovera et al, 2010;Mroz, 2005) that SCFA have a trophic effect on the intestinal epithelium, maintaining the mucosal defence barrier against pathogens organisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…To guarantee the adequate environmental condition for the microbial population, a medium composed by nitrogen, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals was added under anaerobic condition to each flask. Aneaerobiosis was guaranteed by the continuous CO 2 insufflation and by the presence of a reducing agent (1 ml of a solution of l-cysteine hydrochloride, NaOH 1 m and sodium sulphide) (Calabrò et al, 2013).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro evaluation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall fermentability using a dog model

Musco

Calabrò

Roberti³

et al. 2018

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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SummarySix Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall samples were tested by the in vitro gas production technique using dog faeces as inoculum. In particular, the substrates resulted from three different production processes (alcoholic_A, bakers_BA and brewers_BR) and were characterized by two different carbohydrates (mannans + glucans) concentrations nitrogen-free extract (NFE high and low). Gas production of fermenting cultures was recorded for 72 hr to estimate the fermentation profiles. The organic matter degradability (OMD), fermentation liquor pH, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and ammonia (NH 3 ) productions were also measured. All substrates presented a high percentage of OMD (>92%) and moderate fermentability in terms of cumulative volume of gas related to incubated OM (OMCV >50 ml/g) and short-chain fatty acids production (>25 mmol/g), proving their functional properties. Comparing the substrates, it seems evident that the production process affects the chemical composition of the yeast cell wall in terms of crude protein, ether extract and ash content. Consequently, the in vitro fermentation process was significantly different among substrates for volume of gas, SCFA and ammonia production. Regarding the fermentation rate profiles, the production process influenced mainly the curve shape, whereas the NFE concentration affected the quantity of gas produced per hour. In particular, both S. cerevisiae_BR showed very high percentage of OM degradability, gas and SCFA productions and a fast fermentation process due to their high content of fermentable carbohydrates. On the contrary, both S. cerevisiae_BA yeast cell walls appeared to be less degradable and fermentable, probably due to their high content of ether extract. Regarding both S. cerevisiae_A, the high protein content of these substrates could explain the contrasting in vitro results (high degradability with low gas and SCFA production). K E Y W O R D Sammonia, gas production, pre-biotic, short-chain fatty acids, yeast | INTRODUCTIONThe yeast cell walls are considered important sources of protein, vitamins and polysaccharides such as glucose, mannose and Nacetyl-glucosamine. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) is a unicellular eukaryotic, which converts carbohydrates to carbon dioxide and alcohols by fermentation. Thus, it has been used in baking and in alcoholic beverages production for thousands of years (Legras, Merdinoglu, Cornuet, & Karst, 2007).Yeasts are principally obtained from the production of bakers and brewers, or after alcoholic production. Yeast extracts are obtained mechanically after autolysis by acid or alkali hydrolysis or by enzymatic treatment | 25 MUSCO et al. (Borchani et al., 2014;Freimund, Sauter, Käppeli, & Dutler, 2003). The extraction yield for SC varies for amount of nutrients (i.e., protein, carbohydrates and lipid contents) (Freimund et al., 2003), and purity in function of the quality of the utilized yeast cell walls (Liu, Wang, Cuic, & Liu, 2008). The US Food and Drug Administration recognize cells of SC and/ or cell extracts...

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“…Apesar de bem estudada em suínos e aves, poucos estudos estão disponíveis para cães e a PCL está incipientemente estudada em gatos (AQUINO et al, 2010). Esta não é digerida pelo organismo animal, sendo fermentada no intestino grosso propiciando formação de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (CALABRO et al, 2013). Apesar de a literatura sugerir que a PCL altere positivamente a microbiota intestinal promovendo aumentos de lactobacilos e bifidobacteria e redução de salmonela e E. coli, GOMES, 2010), os estudos em cães têm apresentados muita inconsistência de resultados, algum demonstrando tendência a este efeito (SWANSON et al, 2002b;GRIESHOP et al, 2004;BIGGS;PARSONS;FAHEY JUNIOR, 2007;YANG et al, 2008), enquanto outros não corroboraram este fato (STRICKLING et al, 2000;SWANSON et al, 2002a;WHITE et al, 2002;MORALES-LÓPEZ et al, 2010 (ZAINE, 2010).…”

Section: Derivados Da Parede Celular De Levedurasunclassified

Nutracêuticos imunomoduladores com potencial uso clínico para cães e gatos

et al. 2014

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ResumoTem-se observado o uso crescente de nutracêuticos em medicina veterinária, para auxiliar no tratamento clínico. Esta revisão teve como objetivo descrever alguns nutracêuticos que atuam sobre a imunidade de cães e gatos e levantar os possíveis benefícios como tratamento adjuvante para determinadas enfermidades. A ação de derivados de levedura tem sido bastante avaliada, especialmente da fração beta-glucano, um potente imunomodulador, com ação já demonstrada em cães e gatos, sendo benéfico no tratamento de algumas doenças. Os ácidos graxos poliinsaturados ômega-3, talvez os mais utilizados atualmente, podem trazer benefícios no tratamento de hipertensão, doenças renais e cardíacas, artrites, doenças autoimunes, doenças gastrintestinais e câncer. A vitamina E apresenta ação antioxidante e imunomoduladora, podendo auxiliar no tratamento de doenças dermatológicas e hepatobiliares. O uso de carotenoides, que tem ação semelhante à da vitamina E, pode ser interessante por serem potentes antioxidantes, podem ajudar na melhora da resposta imune contra microrganismos e, também, na prevenção do aparecimento de tumores. Apesar de ainda serem necessários mais estudos clínicos para se entender os reais benefícios trazidos pela suplementação dos nutracêuticos em cada doença específica, a compreensão dos mecanismos de ação destes indica que são promissores para uso clínico. Palavras-chave: Ácidos graxos poliinsaturados ômega-3, Beta-glucano, carotenoides, imunidade, vitamina E AbstractThe use of nutraceuticals in veterinary medicine is growing and is assumed that they could aid in clinical treatment. This review aims to describe some nutraceuticals that act on the immunity of dogs and cats and show the possible benefits as an adjuvant treatment for some diseases. The action of some yeast derivates as immunomodulators, especially the beta-glucan fraction, was already proved to occur in dogs and cats, being beneficial as an adjuvant therapy in many clinical conditions. Omega-3 polyunsatured fatty acids, possibly the mostly used nutraceuticals, can improve the condition in some diseases, such as hypertension, renal, cardiac, gastrointestinal and autoimmune diseases, arthritis and cancer. Vitamin E has antioxidant and immunomodulatory action and can aid in the treatment

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Fermentation Characteristics of Several Carbohydrate Sources for Dog Diets Using theIn VitroGas Production Technique

Cited by 38 publications

References 30 publications

In vitro digestion and fermentation characteristics of canola co-products simulate their digestion in the pig intestine

In vitro digestion and fermentation characteristics of canola co-products simulate their digestion in the pig intestine

In vitro evaluation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall fermentability using a dog model

Nutracêuticos imunomoduladores com potencial uso clínico para cães e gatos

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