“…Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) experiments reveal sharp spectral peaks in the singleparticle excitation spectrum 5,6,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] , indicating the presence of quasiparticle-like states, which is also consistent with the long lifetime of the electronic state as it has been determined by the conductivity measurements 10,11 . In particular, as a direct method for probing the electron Fermi surface, the early ARPES measurements indicate that in the entire doping range, the underlying electron Fermi surface satisfies Luttinger's theorem [24][25][26][27] , i.e., the electron Fermi surface with the area is proportional to 1 − δ. Later, the ARPES experimental studies show that in the underdoped and optimally doped regimes, although the antinodal region of the electron Fermi surface is gapped out, leading to the notion that only part of the electron Fermi surface survives as the disconnected Fermi arcs around the nodes [28][29][30][31][32] , the underlying electron Fermi surface determined from the low-energy spectral weight still fulfills Luttinger's theorem in the entire doping range 32 .…”