Ferret airway epithelial cell cultures support efficient replication of influenza B virus but not mumps virus

Elderfield, Ruth A.; Parker, Luke; Stilwell, Peter; Roberts, Kim L.; Schepelmann, Silke; Barclay, William

doi:10.1099/vir.0.000176

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Antibodies against FluB have also been detected in guinea pigs [143], and FluB replicates and transmits efficiently during experimental infection of guinea pigs [144]. In addition, FluB replicates in ferret airway epithelial cells as well as infected animals and transmits between ferrets, which are considered the gold standard animal model for human influenza infections [145](unpublished observations Elderfield, Koutsakos & Barclay). Overall, while endemic circulation of FluB is restricted to humans, there are indications of FluB cross overs from humans to other species.…”

Section: Antiviral Strategies Against Flubmentioning

confidence: 93%

Knowns and Unknowns of Influenza B Viruses

et al. 2015

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Influenza B viruses (IBVs) circulate annually along with influenza A (IAV) strains during seasonal epidemics. IBV can dominate influenza seasons and cause severe disease, particularly in children and adolescents. Research has revealed interesting aspects of IBV and highlighted the importance of these viruses in clinical settings. Yet, many important questions remain unanswered. In this review, the clinical relevance of IBV is emphasized, unique features in epidemiology, host range and virology are highlighted and gaps in knowledge pinpointed. Multiple aspects of IBV epidemiology, evolution, virology and immunology are discussed. Future research into IBV is needed to understand how we can prevent severe disease in high-risk groups, especially children and elderly.

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Section: Antiviral Strategies Against Flubmentioning

confidence: 93%

Knowns and Unknowns of Influenza B Viruses

et al. 2015

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“…We do not yet know if this observation will prove common to a number of influenza B viruses or whether transmission efficiency varies amongst different influenza B virus strains. The influenza B virus we used replicated well in the upper respiratory tract of ferrets and in well differentiated cultures of ferret airway cells (Elderfield et al, 2015). The low transmission efficiency of a seasonal influenza virus suggests either that this animal model does have limitations for the study of influenza B viruses, or that some successful human influenza viruses are not necessarily transmitted primarily by this RD route.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Viruses. The B/Florida/04/2006 virus was rescued by reverse genetics from plasmids containing cDNA synthesized de novo directly from the database sequence (GenBank Accessions: CY033876, CY033877, CYO33878, CY033879, CY0330880, CY033881, CY033882, CY033883) (Elderfield et al, 2015); the D5NB mutant was generated by site-directed mutagenesis of the segment six plasmid. The viruses were cultured and titred in triplicate by plaque assay on MDCK cells.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Segment six of a 12 plasmid reverse genetics system based on B/Florida/04/2006 (Elderfield et al, 2015) was modified to create a truncated NB protein. The D5NB virus was engineered by the introduction of a premature stop codon after the fifth amino acid of NB coding sequence by site-directed mutagenesis.…”

Section: Generation Of a Recombinant Influenza B Virus Lacking Expresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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NB protein does not affect influenza B virus replication in vitro and is not required for replication in or transmission between ferrets

Elderfield

Koutsakos

Frise

et al. 2016

Journal of General Virology

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The influenza B virus encodes a unique protein, NB, a membrane protein whose function in the replication cycle is not, as yet, understood. We engineered a recombinant influenza B virus lacking NB expression, with no concomitant difference in expression or activity of viral neuraminidase (NA) protein, an important caveat since NA is encoded on the same segment and initiated from a start codon just 4 nt downstream of NB. Replication of the virus lacking NB was not different to wild-type virus with full-length NB in clonal immortalized or complex primary cell cultures. In the mouse model, virus lacking NB induced slightly lower IFN-a levels in infected lungs, but this did not affect virus titres or weight loss. In ferrets infected with a mixture of viruses that did or did not express NB, there was no fitness advantage for the virus that retained NB. Moreover, virus lacking NB protein was transmitted following respiratory droplet exposure of sentinel animals. These data suggest no role for NB in supporting replication or transmission in vivo in this animal model. The role of NB and the nature of selection to retain it in all natural influenza B viruses remain unclear.

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“…The PIV-5 V protein can, however, disrupt human STAT1-mediated interferon signaling, and thus, its ability to infect a host is correlated with its ability to control interferon signaling. Conversely, although the capacity of human MuV to manipulate other mammalian interferon induction and signaling pathways has not been systematically characterized to determine the basis of its species restriction, the inability of MuV to productively infect ferret airway epithelial cultures even at high MOIs suggests a very early block involving incompatible host factors prior to innate immune signaling (Elderfield et al 2015). …”

Section: Virus-host Molecular Interactions Affecting Paramyxovirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic Potential of Emerging Paramyxoviruses

Thibault

Watkinson

Moreira-Soto

et al. 2017

Advances in Virus Research

113

102

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The risk of spillover of enzootic paramyxoviruses, and the susceptibility of recipient human and domestic animal populations, are defined by a broad collection of ecological and molecular factors that interact in ways that are not yet fully understood. Nipah and Hendra viruses were the first highly-lethal zoonotic paramyxoviruses discovered in modern times, but other paramyxoviruses from multiple genera are present in bats and other reservoirs that have unknown potential to spill over into humans. We outline our current understanding of paramyxovirus reservoir hosts and the ecological factors that may drive spillover, and we explore the molecular barriers to spillover that emergent paramyxoviruses may encounter. By outlining what is known about enzootic paramyxovirus receptor usage, mechanisms of innate immune evasion, and other host-specific interactions, we highlight the breadth of unexplored avenues that may be important in understanding paramyxovirus emergence.

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Ferret airway epithelial cell cultures support efficient replication of influenza B virus but not mumps virus

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

Knowns and Unknowns of Influenza B Viruses

Knowns and Unknowns of Influenza B Viruses

NB protein does not affect influenza B virus replication in vitro and is not required for replication in or transmission between ferrets

Zoonotic Potential of Emerging Paramyxoviruses

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