Ferrets exclusively synthesize Neu5Ac and express naturally humanized influenza A virus receptors

Ng, Peggy; Böhm, Raphael; Hartley-Tassell, Lauren E.; Steen, Jason A.; Wang, Hui; Lukowski, Samuel W.; Hawthorne, Paula L.; Trezise, A. E. O.; Coloe, Peter J.; Grimmond, Sean M.; Haselhorst, Thomas; Itzstein, Mark von; Paton, Adrienne W.; Paton, James C.; Jennings, Michael P.

doi:10.1038/ncomms6750

Cited by 102 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…In particular, rhamnan is a polymer important for bacterial host–virus interactions [54,55], and sulphated derivatives of rhamnans are known to have anti-viral activity in mammals [56]. The metazoan-derived CMP N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (ostta19g00610), in humans makes the influenza A virus receptor, N-acetylneuraminic acid, whose decorations affect receptor specificity [57]. Likewise, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase (ostta19g00120), known to function in the synthesis of extended mucin type O-linked glycans, has been associated with certain immune mediated diseases in humans [58].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Viral Immunity Chromosome in the Marine Picoeukaryote, Ostreococcus tauri

et al. 2016

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Micro-algae of the genus Ostreococcus and related species of the order Mamiellales are globally distributed in the photic zone of world's oceans where they contribute to fixation of atmospheric carbon and production of oxygen, besides providing a primary source of nutrition in the food web. Their tiny size, simple cells, ease of culture, compact genomes and susceptibility to the most abundant large DNA viruses in the sea render them attractive as models for integrative marine biology. In culture, spontaneous resistance to viruses occurs frequently. Here, we show that virus-producing resistant cell lines arise in many independent cell lines during lytic infections, but over two years, more and more of these lines stop producing viruses. We observed sweeping over-expression of all genes in more than half of chromosome 19 in resistant lines, and karyotypic analyses showed physical rearrangements of this chromosome. Chromosome 19 has an unusual genetic structure whose equivalent is found in all of the sequenced genomes in this ecologically important group of green algae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Viral Immunity Chromosome in the Marine Picoeukaryote, Ostreococcus tauri

et al. 2016

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“…Ferrets, like humans, also lack a functioning cytidine monophosphate- N -acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase and therefore also do not express Neu5Gc (Ng et al, 2014). This is significant as ferrets are widely used to study influenza virus infection and transmission as the expression and distribution of sialic acids in the ferret respiratory tract is similar to humans, although not identical (Jia et al, 2014; van Riel et al, 2006).…”

Section: Influenza Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interaction between Respiratory Pathogens and Mucus

Zanin

Baviskar

Webster

et al. 2016

Cell Host & Microbe

245

228

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Summary The interaction between respiratory pathogens and their hosts is complex and incompletely understood. This is particularly true when pathogens encounter the mucus layer covering the respiratory tract. The mucus layer provides an essential first host barrier to inhaled pathogens that can prevent pathogen invasion and subsequent infection. Respiratory mucus has numerous functions and interactions, both with the host and with pathogens. This review summarizes the current understanding of respiratory mucus and its interactions with the respiratory pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respiratory syncytial virus and influenza viruses, with particular focus on influenza virus transmissibility and host-range specificity. Based on current findings we propose that respiratory mucus represents an understudied host-restriction factor for influenza virus.

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“…The inactivating mutation fixed rapidly after originating, which suggests that the loss could have been adaptive – driven by pathogen avoidance, sexual conflict, or a combination of the two [69]. Independent losses of CMAH have recently been found in New World Primates [62] and in Mustelids [70]. C) Sialic acids are bound by a family of Siglec receptor proteins expressed on most immune cells [71].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Glycomics: revealing the dynamic ecology and evolution of sugar molecules

Springer

Gagneux

2016

Journal of Proteomics

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Sugars are the most functionally and structurally diverse molecules in the biological world. Glycan structures range from tiny single monosaccharide units to giant chains thousands of units long. Some glycans are branched, their monosaccharides linked together in many different combinations and orientations. Some exist as solitary molecules; others are conjugated to proteins and lipids and alter their collective functional properties. In addition to structural and storage roles, glycan molecules participate in and actively regulate physiological and developmental processes. Glycans also mediate cellular interactions within and between individuals. Their roles in ecology and evolution are pivotal, but not well studied because glycan biochemistry requires different methods than standard molecular biology practice. The properties of glycans are in some ways convenient, and in others challenging. Glycans vary on organismal timescales, and in direct response to physiological and ecological conditions. Their mature structures are physical records of both genetic and environmental influences during maturation. We describe the scope of natural glycan variation and discuss how studying glycans will allow researchers to further integrate the fields of ecology and evolution.

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Ferrets exclusively synthesize Neu5Ac and express naturally humanized influenza A virus receptors

Cited by 102 publications

References 73 publications

A Viral Immunity Chromosome in the Marine Picoeukaryote, Ostreococcus tauri

A Viral Immunity Chromosome in the Marine Picoeukaryote, Ostreococcus tauri

The Interaction between Respiratory Pathogens and Mucus

Glycomics: revealing the dynamic ecology and evolution of sugar molecules

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