Ferric citrate-derived N-doped hierarchical porous carbons for oxygen reduction reaction and electrochemical supercapacitors

Abstract

This work reports a facile strategy for the preparation of Nitrogen-doped porous carbons via carbonization of a mixture containing ferric citrate (FC) and ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl). FC provides carbon and iron element sources, while ammonium chloride acts as both the porogen and nitrogen dopant during the carbonization process. The formed hierarchical porous structures facilitate the ion diffusion/transport, and nitrogen-doping provides more active sites, which contribute to both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and supercapacitor applications. Compared with KOH and NaCl, the utilization of NH 4 Cl as porogen shows the best ORR performance in this work might due to the dual functions of NH 4 Cl. Ferric citrate-NH 4 Cl carbonized at 700 o C exhibits good capacity of 242 F g-1 and stability in 6 M KOH at a current density of 1 A g-1. Since both FC and NH 4 Cl are cheap and easily available, this work provides a facile and effective method to obtain carbons with superb electrochemical performances.

Metal‐Nitrogen‐doped Porous Carbons Derived from Metal‐Containing Ionic Liquids for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

“…The otherp eak indicates intralayer condensation and an improvement in conductivity of CMs. [41,42] This result also can be provedb yt he Ramans pectra (Figure 5d,e,f) of CMs.T wo broad peaks located at 1340 cm À1 (D peak) and 1580 cm À1 (G peak) appear and represent disordered and graphitic carbons, respectively. [43,44] The intensity ratio (I D /I G )o f Fe-containing CMs slightly decreased from 1.18 to 1.13 with increasingc arbonization temperature (Table S2), attesting to the higher graphitic degree corresponding to the resultso f XRD.…”

“…As can be seen, three peaks are located at 284.6 eV(C1), 285.6 eV(C2) and 288.7 eV(C3), representing CÀC, CÀN/CÀOa nd CO(O),respectively. [41] Our CMs were electrochemically evaluated as ORR catalysts. ( Figure S3 and S4).…”

Collapse‐Resistant Large‐Sized 2D Metal‐Organic‐Framework‐Derived Nitrogen‐Doped Porous Ultrathin Carbon Nanosheets for High‐Performance Supercapacitors

“…[45] The GCD curves at various current densities are presented in Figure 8c and Figure 8d, which have typical triangular nature with low IR drops, suggesting that the UPZCNs-K4-based devices have electric double layer at the electrode/electrolyte interface. [46] This results present excellent rate capability with rapid diffusion of aqueous electrolyte ions in the UPZCNs-K4. Moreover, the specific capacitance of the UPZCNs-K4 calculated from the galvanostatic discharge curves is as high as 290 F g À 1 at a current density of 1 A g À 1 in 6 M KOH and 175 F g À 1 at a current density of 1 A g À 1 in 1 M Na 2 SO 4 (Figure 8e).…”

Carbon Materials Derived from Poly(aniline-co-p-phenylenediamine) Cryogels

“…Nitrogen-containing carbon materials have attracted considerable attention due to promising electronic and physicochemical properties [1] which determine their potential applications as electrode materials for fuel cells and batteries [2][3][4], sensors [5][6][7], catalysts [8], electrocatalysts [5], supercapacitors [9][10][11], and adsorbents [9,[12][13][14][15]. Nitrogen-enriched carbon derivatives can be obtained by a variety of flexible methods, which include chemical vapor deposition [2,6,16,17], arc discharge [18,19], thermal treatment of C/N-containing compounds or mixtures in inert atmosphere [3,7,8,10,12] and annealing of materials in inert atmosphere [5,14,15]. Polyaniline and polyaniline-based materials containing both carbon and nitrogen atoms represent convenient precursors for the preparation of nitrogen-containing carbon derivatives.…”