Ferrite Quantification Methodologies for Duplex Stainless Steel

Júnior, Arnaldo Forgas; Otubo, Jorge; Magnabosco, Rodrigo

doi:10.5028/jatm.v8i3.653

Cited by 32 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In comparison with the pattern of pure graphite which is dominated by an intense peak at 2 θ = 26.48° corresponding to reflection in (002) planes of well‐ordered graphene layers, a graphene peak (26.4°) can be attributed to a very small concentration of non‐oxidized graphene . According to the type of sample holder, the peak at 2 θ = 63° is attributed to the duplex stainless steel of the analytical apparatus (Figure a). Interestingly, the XRD pattern of the M‐GO hybrid indicated the presence of a similar crystalline structure of pure Fe 3 O 4 at 2 θ = 30.22°, 35.59°, 43.29°, 53.69° and 62.81° which indicated the structure of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (Figure b).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel palladium nanoparticles supported on β‐cyclodextrin@graphene oxide as magnetically recyclable catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction with two different approaches in bio‐based solvents

Heidari

Heravi

Nabid

et al. 2018

Applied Organom Chemis

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A novel nanocatalyst was designed and prepared. Initially, the surface of magnetic graphene oxide (M-GO) was modified using thionyl chloride, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane and acryloyl chloride as linkers which provide reactive C═C bonds for the polymerization of vinylic monomers. Separately, β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was treated with acryloyl chloride to provide a modified β-CD. Then, in the presence methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker, monomers of modified β-CD and acrylamide were polymerized on the surface of the pre-prepared M-GO. Finally, palladium acetate and sodium borohydride were added to this composite to afford supported palladium nanoparticles. This fabricated nanocomposite was fully characterized using various techniques. The efficiency of this easily separable and reusable heterogeneous catalyst was successfully examined in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of aryl halides and boronic acid as well as in modified Suzuki-Miyaura crosscoupling reactions of N-acylsuccinimides and boronic acid in green media. The results showed that the nanocatalyst was efficient in coupling reactions for direct formation of the corresponding biphenyl as well as benzophenone derivatives in green media based on bio-based solvents. In addition, the nanocatalyst was easily separable, using an external magnet, and could be reused several times without significant loss of activity under the optimum reaction conditions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel palladium nanoparticles supported on β‐cyclodextrin@graphene oxide as magnetically recyclable catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction with two different approaches in bio‐based solvents

Heidari

Heravi

Nabid

et al. 2018

Applied Organom Chemis

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“…Austenite, ferrite and martensite are the most prominent phases in iron-based materials. Many different kinds of methods like diffraction (XRD, synchrotron/neutron diffraction), Bragg edge transmission (BET), magnetic balance measurements, image analysis (optical microscopy, EBSD) have been used for quantification of phase contents in iron-based materials over the last decades [1][2][3][4][5]. Image analysis depends crucially on the quality of sample preparation; it can provide fast phase quantification with accuracy of ± 2 vol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-scale phase analyses of strain-induced martensite in austempered ductile iron (ADI) using neutron diffraction and transmission techniques

Soria

Gan

et al. 2020

J Mater Sci

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The content of strain-induced martensite in austempered ductile iron has been quantitatively determined using three different kinds of neutron methods: (1) high-resolution powder diffraction with subsequent standard Rietveld refinement, (2) phase quantification using pole figure measurements and (3) Bragg edge neutron transmission. The accuracy and scope of applications of these neutron diffraction and imaging techniques for phase quantification have been compared and discussed in detail. Combination of these methods has been confirmed as effective for dealing with problems like peak overlap in multi-phase materials and texture formation after plastic deformation. Further, the results highlight the potential of using single peak pole figure data for quantitative phase analysis with high accuracy.

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“…In image analysis, the fraction of each phase is measured on etched samples in high magnification using a light optical microscope with special software. This is considered to be one of the most accurate techniques [15,16] and together with point counting, usually the only method accepted when developing welding procedure specifications. The precision, however, is dependent on the surface quality of the sample; scratches and limited etch quality are influencing the final result.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for the measurement of ferrite content in multipass duplex stainless steel welds

et al. 2019

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The phase balance is commonly determined as a part of the duplex stainless steel (DSS) welding procedure qualification. In this work, the aim was to find a reliable, but still fast method to measure the ferrite content of DSS welds. Four methods were compared: image analysis with light optical metallography, magnetic measurements with Feritscope and Magne-Gage, and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). Image analysis with a magnification of ×500 was concluded to be most accurate on condition that the image quality was sufficiently high. The best contrast for image analysis was achieved by covering all surfaces apart from the part of interest with adhesive tape and etching the sample in a modified Beraha II solution. The Feritscope systematically underestimated the average ferrite volume fraction compared with image analysis, and a correction factor of 1.1 is suggested. Magne-Gage in turn resulted in considerably higher ferrite numbers as compared with the Feritscope and would require a correction factor of 1.18. Besides the long duration of XRD measurements, the method proved unsuitable for ferrite measurement due to the coarse texture of the microstructure.

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Ferrite Quantification Methodologies for Duplex Stainless Steel

Cited by 32 publications

References 9 publications

Novel palladium nanoparticles supported on β‐cyclodextrin@graphene oxide as magnetically recyclable catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction with two different approaches in bio‐based solvents

Novel palladium nanoparticles supported on β‐cyclodextrin@graphene oxide as magnetically recyclable catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction with two different approaches in bio‐based solvents

Multi-scale phase analyses of strain-induced martensite in austempered ductile iron (ADI) using neutron diffraction and transmission techniques

Methods for the measurement of ferrite content in multipass duplex stainless steel welds

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