Induction of the heme-degrading enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been shown to be beneficial in terms of improvement of liver allograft survival and prevention of CD95-mediated apoptosis in the liver. In the present study, we investigated the effects of HO-1, and its products carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin (BV), and iron/ferritin, in a mouse model of results in the production of carbon monoxide (CO), free iron, and biliverdin (BV). HO-1, in contrast to the second isoform HO-2, is inducible by various stimuli. 1,2 To investigate HO effects in vitro as well as in vivo, HO-1 can be induced by application of cobalt-protoporphyrin-IX (CoPP), for example, while tin-protoporphyrin-IX (SnPP) suppresses HO activity. 3,4 In the liver, administration of CoPP to mice results in HO-1 expression in hepatocytes as well as in Kupffer cells. 5 In vivo, HO-1 induction has been shown previously to protect mice from apoptotic liver damage 5 and to protect rats from liver graft rejection as well as from ischemia/reperfusion injury. 6 -8 To investigate mechanisms of cytokine-dependent liver injury, mice can be sensitized with the hepatocytespecific transcriptional inhibitor D-galactosamine (GalN) in combination with the macrophage activator lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 9 In this GalN/LPS model, mice develop severe liver injury, which is dependent on tumor necrosis factor (TNF) 10,11 and interferon â„ (IFN-â„) 12 induction, while interleukin (IL) 10 prevents injury. 13 In the present study we show that HO-1, induced by CoPP, protects mice from GalN/LPS-induced liver injury, prolongs survival, and reduces cytokine expression. Protection from liver damage could also be achieved by pretreatment with the HO products CO and BV, but not by ferritin. Prolongation of survival and cytokine reduction was only detectable in mice pretreated with a combination of both hepatoprotective products CO and BV.
Materials and MethodsAnimals. BALB/c-mice (6-8 weeks old; weight range, 18-22 g) were obtained from the animal facilities of the