Ferritin cage for encapsulation and delivery of bioactive nutrients: From structure, property to applications

Zang, Jiachen; Hai, Chen; Zhao, Guanghua; Wang, Fudi; Ren, Fazheng

doi:10.1080/10408398.2016.1149690

Cited by 74 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…The proportion of subunits varies between different organisms and between different tissues within an organism, reflecting the different functions, fast iron metabolism, or long-term iron storage required by different tissues [16,28]. In addition, for lower vertebrates, such as bullfrogs, fish, and tegillarca granosa, there is also an M (medium) subunit or H-like subunit containing both the ferroxidase center and the nucleation site in the ferritin of erythrocyte, and the three subunits can form heterozygous ferritin [25,29]. Differently, the mitochondria ferritin (MtF) found in human, mouse, and drosophila is a homopolymer with 24 identical subunits.…”

Section: Animal Ferritinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a nanocarrier for the encapsulation and delivery of nutrients and drugs, the digestive stability of ferritin in gastrointestinal tract has received wide attention from researchers. If ferritin cannot survive through gastrointestinal digestion, the prepared nanoparticles will make little contribution to human nutrition and or disease treatment through any absorption pathway [25]. However, a recent report has found that ferritin is not stable in the stomach, and most ferritin molecules can be degraded by pepsin at pH 2.0 in this region [129].…”

Section: Challenges Of Ferritin As a Nanocarriermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under neutral conditions, the inner surface of ferritin has a high negative charge density because acidic residues such as Glu and Asp are mainly distributed here, while the net charge on the exterior surface is close to zero or slightly positive. One ferritin molecule has eight triple axis channels and six quadruple axis channels with pore sizes between approximately 3 and 5 Å ( Figure 1 C), which connect the inner cavity to the external environment [ 25 ].…”

Section: Structure and Property Of Ferritinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ferritin Nanocage: A Versatile Nanocarrier Utilized in the Field of Food, Nutrition, and Medicine

Zhang

Zhao

2020

Nanomaterials

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Compared with other nanocarriers such as liposomes, mesoporous silica, and cyclodextrin, ferritin as a typical protein nanocage has received considerable attention in the field of food, nutrition, and medicine owing to its inherent cavity size, excellent water solubility, and biocompatibility. Additionally, ferritin nanocage also serves as a versatile bio-template for the synthesis of a variety of nanoparticles. Recently, scientists have explored the ferritin nanocage structure for encapsulation and delivery of guest molecules such as nutrients, bioactive molecules, anticancer drugs, and mineral metal ions by taking advantage of its unique reversible disassembly and reassembly property and biomineralization. In this review, we mainly focus on the preparation and structure of ferritin-based nanocarriers, and regulation of their self-assembly. Moreover, the recent advances of their applications in food nutrient delivery and medical diagnostics are highlighted. Finally, the main challenges and future development in ferritin-directed nanoparticles’ synthesis and multifunctional applications are discussed.

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Section: Animal Ferritinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Challenges Of Ferritin As a Nanocarriermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structure and Property Of Ferritinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ferritin Nanocage: A Versatile Nanocarrier Utilized in the Field of Food, Nutrition, and Medicine

Zhang

Zhao

2020

Nanomaterials

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“…The sizes of the casein particles were determined using a dynamic light scattering (DLS) instrument (Nano ZS, Malvern, UK) at 20 °C. The treated samples were diluted 500 times with water [ 37 ]. Separation of calcium in the soluble and micellar phases was carried out by ultracentrifugation at 80,000× g for 3 h at 20 °C (CP 80MX, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) [ 34 , 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Trisodium Citrate to Improve the Textural Properties of Acid-Induced, Transglutaminase-Treated Micellar Casein Gels

Yang²,

Chen

et al. 2018

Molecules

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In this study, the effect of trisodium citrate on the textural properties and microstructure of acid-induced, transglutaminase-treated micellar casein gels was investigated. Various concentrations of trisodium citrate (0 mmol/L, 10 mmol/L, 20 mmol/L, and 30 mmol/L) were added to micellar casein dispersions. After being treated with microbial transglutaminase (mTGase), all dispersions were acidified with 1.3% (w/v) gluconodelta-lactone (GDL) to pH 4.4–4.6. As the concentration of trisodium citrate increased from 0 mmol/L to 30 mmol/L, the firmness and water-holding capacity increased significantly. The final storage modulus (G′) of casein gels was positively related to the concentration of trisodium citrate prior to mTGase treatment of micellar casein dispersions. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy images indicated that more interconnected networks and smaller pores were present in the gels with higher concentrations of trisodium citrate. Overall, when micellar casein dispersions are treated with trisodium citrate prior to mTGase crosslinking, the resulted acid-induced gels are firmer and the syneresis is reduced.

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“…25 We have previously employed an ubiquitous protein, apoferritin (Apo), to be a potential carrier for Dox, with a simple-to-use encapsulation protocol (creating ApoDox). 29 Also, heavy-chain ferritin, 30 as well as other ferritins, have been used for delivery of anticancer drugs, 31 small nutrients, 32 and imaging molecules. 33 Subsequently, we modified the Apo surface with small molecules, 34 as well as antibodies for active targeting to cells of a chosen cancer type.…”

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confidence: 99%

Apoferritin as an ubiquitous nanocarrier with excellent shelf life

Dostálová¹,

Vašíčková²,

Hynek³

et al. 2017

IJN

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Due to many adverse effects of conventional chemotherapy, novel methods of targeting drugs to cancer cells are being investigated. Nanosize carriers are a suitable platform for this specific delivery. Herein, we evaluated the long-term stability of the naturally found protein nanocarrier apoferritin (Apo) with encapsulated doxorubicin (Dox). The encapsulation was performed using Apo’s ability to disassemble reversibly into its subunits at low pH (2.7) and reassemble in neutral pH (7.2), physically entrapping drug molecules in its cavity (creating ApoDox). In this study, ApoDox was prepared in water and phosphate-buffered saline and stored for 12 weeks in various conditions (−20°C, 4°C, 20°C, and 37°C in dark, and 4°C and 20°C under ambient light). During storage, a very low amount of prematurely released drug molecules were detected (maximum of 7.5% for ApoDox prepared in PBS and 4.4% for ApoDox prepared in water). Fourier-transform infrared spectra revealed no significant differences in any of the samples after storage. Most of the ApoDox prepared in phosphate-buffered saline and ApoDox prepared in water and stored at −20°C formed very large aggregates (up to 487% of original size). Only ApoDox prepared in water and stored at 4°C showed no significant increase in size or shape. Although this storage caused slower internalization to LNCaP prostate cancer cells, ApoDox (2.5 μM of Dox) still retained its ability to inhibit completely the growth of 1.5×10 4 LNCaP cells after 72 hours. ApoDox stored at 20°C and 37°C in water was not able to deliver Dox inside the nucleus, and thus did not inhibit the growth of the LNCaP cells. Overall, our study demonstrates that ApoDox has very good stability over the course of 12 weeks when stored properly (at 4°C), and is thus suitable for use as a nanocarrier in the specific delivery of anticancer drugs to patients.

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Ferritin cage for encapsulation and delivery of bioactive nutrients: From structure, property to applications

Cited by 74 publications

References 85 publications

Ferritin Nanocage: A Versatile Nanocarrier Utilized in the Field of Food, Nutrition, and Medicine

Ferritin Nanocage: A Versatile Nanocarrier Utilized in the Field of Food, Nutrition, and Medicine

The Use of Trisodium Citrate to Improve the Textural Properties of Acid-Induced, Transglutaminase-Treated Micellar Casein Gels

Apoferritin as an ubiquitous nanocarrier with excellent shelf life

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