Ferro-ferri-hornblende from the Traversella mine (Ivrea, Italy): occurrence, mineral description and crystal-chemistry

Oberti, Roberta; Boiocchi, Massimo; Hawthorne, Frank C.; Ball, Neil A.; Cámara, Fernando; Pagano, Renato; Pagano, Adriana

doi:10.1180/minmag.2016.080.060

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…[3] The C Fe 3+ content in sample A74 was determined via Mössbauer spectroscopy, [27] whereas those in samples A77-A81 were determined by structure refinement of single-crystal XRD data. [32,33,35,36] For the rest of the samples, the amount of Fe 3+ was calculated using the charge balance approach. [2] The chemical compositions of S16, S17, and S28 were recalculated in the course of this study (see Table 1).…”

Section: Samples and Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nondestructive determination of the amphibole crystal‐chemical formulae by Raman spectroscopy: One step closer

Waeselmann

Schlüter

Malcherek

et al. 2019

J Raman Spectroscopy

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We present the results of a comprehensive study linking the crystal‐chemical formulae of amphiboles, a series of extremely complex silicates with the general formula (AB2C5T8O22W2, C5 = M12M22M3) to variations in the peak positions, widths, and intensities of the Raman‐active modes. To this purpose, we have analyzed the Raman scattering generated by the framework vibrations (15–1,215 cm−1) and by the OH‐stretching modes (3,000–4,000 cm−1) of 44 samples, spanning all six major subgroups. We show that, in addition to the information that can be derived from the OH‐stretching range (Leissner et al., Am. Mineral. 2015, 100, 2682), further important features of the amphibole structure, composition, and cationic site population can be directly extracted from the framework Raman spectrum, namely, (a) the distinction between the monoclinic and orthorhombic symmetries; (b) the estimation of TAl content, when TAl > 0.5 apfu; (c) the estimation of CTi content, when CTi > 0.3 apfu; (d) the estimation of CLi content, when CLi > 0.3 apfu; (e) the detection of CAl, when CAl > 0.7 apfu; (f) an estimate of CMg; (g) the estimation of CFe3+ in the case of Na amphiboles; and (h) the estimation of the Fe2+ content at the M2 site in the case of Mg–Fe–Mn amphiboles. Additionally, we point out that the TO4‐ring‐breathing mode near 670 cm−1, which is commonly used to fingerprint various amphibole species, has to be handled with a great care, because it is sensitive to the site population at all crystallographic sites.

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Section: Samples and Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nondestructive determination of the amphibole crystal‐chemical formulae by Raman spectroscopy: One step closer

Waeselmann

Schlüter

Malcherek

et al. 2019

J Raman Spectroscopy

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“…The extension of the double chain of tetrahedra along c , as measured by the O(5)–O(6)–O(5) angle, is lower in magnesio-hornblende than in ferro-ferri-hornblende; the more extended double chain of tetrahedra promotes linkage with the strip of octahedra where Mg and Al are replaced, respectively, by the larger Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ cations. However, the O(5)–O(6)–O(5) angle in magnesio-ferri-fluoro-hornblende (where the T Al content is 0.37 apfu larger) is very similar to that in ferro-ferri-hornblende (Oberti et al , 2016 b ).…”

Section: The Crystal Chemistry Of Magnesio-hornblendementioning

confidence: 95%

Magnesio-hornblende from Lüderitz, Namibia: mineral description and crystal chemistry

et al. 2018

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Magnesio-hornblende (IMA2017-059) has been characterized in a specimen collected in the sand dunes of Lüderitz, Karas Region, Namibia. The empirical formula derived from electron microprobe analysis and single-crystal structure refinement is A(□0.73Na0.22K0.05)Σ1.00B(Ca1.79Fe2+0.10Mg0.04Mn2+0.03Na0.04)Σ2.00C(Mg3.48Fe2+0.97Al0.28Fe3+0.23Cr3+0.01Ti0.03)Σ5.00T(Si7.18Al0.82)Σ8.00O22W[(OH)1.93F0.05Cl0.02]Σ2.00. Magnesio-hornblende is biaxial (–), with α = 1.640(2), β = 1.654(2), γ = 1.666(2) (measured with gel-filtered Na light, λ = 589.9 nm), 2V (meas.) = 82(1)° and 2V (calc.) = 84.9°. The unit-cell parameters are a = 9.8308(7), b = 18.0659(11), c = 5.2968(4) Å, β = 104.771(6)° and V = 909.64 (11) Å3 with Z = 2 and space group C2/m. The strongest eight reflections in the X-ray powder pattern [d values (in Å), I, (hkl)] are: 2.709, 100, (151); 8.412, 74, (110); 3.121, 73, (310); 2.541, 58, ($\bar{2}$02); 3.386, 49, (131); 2.596, 45, (061); 2.338, 41, ($\bar{3}$51); and 2.164, 39, (261).

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The Traversella Mining Site as Piemonte Geosite

Costa¹,

Dino²,

Benna³

et al. 2017

Geoheritage

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The Traversella mining area, nearly 60 km North of Torino, was, together with Brosso, a very important mining district for iron exploitation. The Traversella ore deposit was exploited from late Medieval Age up to the middle XX century. It is a typical skarn deposit at the contact between a dioritic body and preexisting metamorphic host rocks, which represents the only exploited skarn-type mineralization in the Alps. The iron ore mineral, exploited from different orebodies, was primarily magnetite. After the beginning of XX century the extraction involved also pyrite and chalcopyrite, used mainly for the production of sulfuric acid. The mine, after some interruptions and reopenings , was officially closed in 1971, due to the high exploitation costs and the competition of the foreign iron ore deposits. The present research aims to emphasize the extraordinary importance of this mining site both from a scientific and a historical point of view, by also examining the exploitation and ore processing methods and the amount of production during the last three centuries, and highlighting how these activities contributed to the industrial development of the surrounding area and of the whole Piemonte Region. It aims also at illustrating the sociological and environmental impact of mining activities at regional level, highlighting the importance of the site from a geotouristic point of view, through the cultural exploitation of the mining site remains, the development and upgrade of the already existing mining museum, and the organization of geotouristic itineraries.

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Ferro-ferri-hornblende from the Traversella mine (Ivrea, Italy): occurrence, mineral description and crystal-chemistry

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

Nondestructive determination of the amphibole crystal‐chemical formulae by Raman spectroscopy: One step closer

Nondestructive determination of the amphibole crystal‐chemical formulae by Raman spectroscopy: One step closer

Magnesio-hornblende from Lüderitz, Namibia: mineral description and crystal chemistry

The Traversella Mining Site as Piemonte Geosite

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