Ferroelectric behavior and polarization mechanism in odd‐odd polyamide 11,11

Liu, Shaobing; Cui, Zhe; Fu, Peizhen; Zhang, Lingli; Li, Zhaopeng; Zhao, Qian

doi:10.1002/polb.23537

Cited by 24 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The melting points are found at 180.3, 183.3, and 179.3 C for nylon 11-11, nylon 9-13, and nylon 11-13, respectively. These melting points are comparable to the values reported in the literature of 180.1 C for nylon 16 182 C for nylon 9-13, 18 and 176 C for nylon 11-13. 18 In addition to these major peaks due to melting, small double peaks were observed before the main major melting peaks, as shown in Figure 1 (b,c).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Understanding ferroelectric performances of spin‐coated odd–odd nylon thin films

Tsutsumi

Kajimoto

Kinashi

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Ferroelectric properties of organic odd-odd nylon spin-coated thin films are investigated. [9][10][11][12][13][11][12][13] are prepared by melt polymerization of the nylon salt consisting of the corresponding dicarboxylic acid and diamine. The obtained nylon is spin coated to obtain thin films with the thicknesses in the range of 85-108 nm. After spin coating, the sample films are subjected to several thermal history procedures, namely the films are either melt quenched or thermally annealed at various temperatures. The meltquenched films are in the γ crystal phase that is directly related to the ferroelectricity of the sample thin films. Enhanced ferroelectricity is measured for the sample films that are thermally annealed at 165 C. The remanent polarization is significantly affected by the crystallite size. Ferroelectric switching of the thin films is studied by applying a sinusoidal voltage with the frequencies of 1, 10, 100, 1 k, and 10 kHz. The switching speed is evaluated from the full width at half-maximum of the switching current. A switching speed of 4.7 × 10 3 s −1 (switching time of 210 μs) is measured for 1 kHz switching. The remanent polarization is strongly decreased by increasing the switching frequency, whereas the coercive field is increased.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Understanding ferroelectric performances of spin‐coated odd–odd nylon thin films

Tsutsumi

Kajimoto

Kinashi

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Nylons, or aliphatic polyamides, are important industrial materials due to their excellent physical properties which include high strength, abrasion resistance, ductility and good stability at high temperatures . Recent studies have also demonstrated that several nylons derived from odd units might be interesting for electroactive applications . The geometry and density of hydrogen bonds play a key role in the crystallization process, the crystalline structure and the final properties of nylons .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 Recent studies have also demonstrated that several nylons derived from odd units might be interesting for electroactive applications. 3 The geometry and density of hydrogen bonds play a key role in the crystallization process, the crystalline structure and the final properties of nylons. 4 In general, nylons are semicrystalline polymers capable of adopting different crystalline structures depending on the number and parity of methylene groups of their repeat unit.…”

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confidence: 99%

Temperature‐induced structural changes in even‐odd nylons with long polymethylene segments

Olmo

Rota

Martínez

et al. 2016

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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Structural transitions of nylons 8 9 and 12 9 during heating and cooling processes were investigated using calorimetric, spectroscopic and real time X-ray diffraction data.These even-odd nylons had three polymorphic forms related to structures where hydrogen bonds were established in two planar directions. Heating processes showed a first structural transition at low temperature where the two strong reflections related to the packing mode of the low temperature structure (form I) disappeared instead of moving together and merging into a single reflection, as observed for conventional even-even nylons. The high temperature structure corresponded to a typical pseudohexagonal packing (form III) attained after the named Brill transition temperature. Structural transitions were not completely reversible since an intermediate structure (form II) became clearly predominant at room temperature in subsequent cooling processes.A single spherulitic morphology with negative birefringence and a flat-on edge-on lamellar disposition was obtained when the two studied polyamides crystallized from the melt state. Kinetic analyses indicated that both nylons crystallized according to a single regime and a thermal nucleation. Results also pointed out a secondary nucleation constant for nylon 12 9 higher than that for nylon 8 9, suggesting greater difficulty in crystallizing when the amide content decreased.

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“…Nylons 5 6 [3-6], 6 9 [7] and 13 6 [8] can be considered in this context. Furthermore, the ferroelectric behavior of odd numbered polyamides has been discovered, with remanent polarization being linearly dependent upon the dipolar density of amide groups [9,10]. Specifically, nylon 6 9 has also been considered as a material with piezoelectric activity due to its peculiar structure [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversible changes induced by temperature in the spherulitic birefringence of nylon 6 9

Murase

Casas

Martínez

et al. 2015

Polymer

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Spherulitic morphologies of nylon 6 9 as an example of an even-odd nylon were studied by optical microscopy. A well-defined dependence on crystallization temperature was found. In particular, positively birefringent spherulites were characteristic for temperatures higher than 232 ºC, low birefringence spherulites developed between 232 and 225 ºC, positive ringed spherulites were found between 225 and 220 ºC, and finally negative fibrillar spherulites were formed at temperatures lower than 220 ºC. These optical properties were clearly different from those observed with even-even nylons (e.g., negative and positive birefringence for high and low temperatures, respectively), and may derive from the peculiar crystalline structures determined for even-odd nylons.Furthermore, low birefringence spherulites were characterized by a flat-on lamellar disposition and reversibility of the birefringence sign in the 80-120 ºC temperature interval (positive and negative values at high and low temperatures, respectively).Real time WAXD profiles taken during heating and cooling processes demonstrated that different crystalline structures (named I, II and III) developed depending on the temperature and crystallization procedure of samples (e.g., from solution or from the melt state). Crystalline structures were characterized by the formation of hydrogen bonds along two crystalline directions in all cases, a peculiar arrangement that may account for the development of positive and negative spherulites in a more simple way than formulated for conventional polyamides having a single hydrogen bonding direction. DSC and FTIR data also showed a complex structural behavior with structural transitions in the 80-120 ºC range, a region that corresponds to birefringence sign reversibility.

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Ferroelectric behavior and polarization mechanism in odd‐odd polyamide 11,11

Cited by 24 publications

References 39 publications

Understanding ferroelectric performances of spin‐coated odd–odd nylon thin films

Understanding ferroelectric performances of spin‐coated odd–odd nylon thin films

Temperature‐induced structural changes in even‐odd nylons with long polymethylene segments

Reversible changes induced by temperature in the spherulitic birefringence of nylon 6 9

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