Ferroelectric incommensurate spin crystals

Abstract

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Melting of Polarization Vortices Crystals and Chiral Phase Transitions in Oxide Superlattices

“…They have also been experimentally observed at chiral domain boundaries [21]. Moreover, modulation of the vortices by a second ordering along their axial direction have been recently reported in PbTiO 3 /SrTiO 3 superlattices grown on a metallic SrRuO 3 substrate [33]. Remarkably, in our system this intermediate temperature phase is also characterized by the maintenance of the chiral behaviour.…”

Melting of crystals of polarization vortices and chiral phase transitions in oxide superlattices

“…Therefore, although the CW and CCW vortex pairs are still clearly visible, one of the domains grows at the expense of the other, although the favoured domain depends on the axial y plane chosen, keeping P = 0. Interestingly, a modulation of the vortices by a second ordering along their axial direction have been recently reported in PbTiO 3 /SrTiO 3 superlattices grown on a metallic SrRuO 3 substrate [33]. Remarkably, in our system this intermediate temperature phase is also characterized by the maintenance of the chiral behavior, so it can be described as a chiral liquid of polarization vortices.…”

Theoretical Understanding of Polar Topological Phase Transitions in Functional Oxide Heterostructures: A Review

“…[ 87,88 ] Nowadays, it is widely recognized that the ferroelectric heterostructures or nanostructures are the host for tremendous polar topological features, including flux‐closure, [ 147 ] vortex, [ 87,88 ] skyrmion, [ 90,91 ] spiral, [ 92 ] meron, [ 148 ] supercrystal, [ 96,97 ] hopfion, [ 149 ] and polar spin ice. [ 150 ]…”

“…The discovery of all these polar topological structures has spurred further interest in this area; many exciting observations have been made both theoretically and experimentally, including the recent discoveries of hedgehog states, [ 167 ] vertices, [ 168,169 ] polar waves, [ 170,171 ] polar meron (Figure 3i), [ 148 ] hopfions and knotted fields (Figure 3j), [ 149 ] and polar spin ice (Figure 3k). [ 150 ] It is interesting to note that for most of the topological structures observed in the ferroelectric system, their magnetic counterparts have been discovered; and vice versa, most of the magnetic topological structures that have been discovered, are also observed in the ferroelectric system. This shows the similarities between the magnetic and ferroelectric systems.…”