Ferroelectric performance of nylons 6-12, 10-12, 11-12, and 12-12

Yanaka, Ayumi; Sakai, Wataru; Kinashi, Kenji; Tsutsumi, Naoto

doi:10.1039/d0ra02310h

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Ferroelectricity of an even-number nylon also exists, but it is weaker than that of odd-numbers nylon. Generally, ferroelectricity gets more pronounced with increasing crystallinity in spite of the fact that there is less free volume for a rotation of dipoles …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Materials for Smart Soft Actuator Systems

2021

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In contrast to conventional hard actuators, soft actuators offer many vivid advantages, such as improved flexibility, adaptability, and reconfigurability, which are intrinsic to living systems. These properties make them particularly promising for different applications, including soft electronics, surgery, drug delivery, artificial organs, or prosthesis. The additional degree of freedom for soft actuatoric devices can be provided through the use of intelligent materials, which are able to change their structure, macroscopic properties, and shape under the influence of external signals. The use of such intelligent materials allows a substantial reduction of a device's size, which enables a number of applications that cannot be realized by externally powered systems. This review aims to provide an overview of the properties of intelligent synthetic and living/natural materials used for the fabrication of soft robotic devices. We discuss basic physical/chemical properties of the main kinds of materials (elastomers, gels, shape memory polymers and gels, liquid crystalline elastomers, semicrystalline ferroelectric polymers, gels and hydrogels, other swelling polymers, materials with volume change during melting/crystallization, materials with tunable mechanical properties, and living and naturally derived materials), how they are related to actuation and soft robotic application, and effects of micro/macro structures on shape transformation, fabrication methods, and we highlight selected applications.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, ferroelectricity gets more pronounced with increasing crystallinity in spite of the fact that there is less free volume for a rotation of dipoles. 245 Examples. Zhand et al have described a relaxor film based on the electrostrictive polymer with the highest dielectric constant of 75 reported.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials for Smart Soft Actuator Systems

2021

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“…It is known that amides are more polar than nitrile groups as the dipole moment (μ) of the amide group in polyamide is 3.7 D, whereas it is 3.5 D for the nitrile group of polyacrylonitrile . Thus, the PA-6 nanofibers being more polar and smaller in size compared to PAN nanofibers are likely to have more polar groups per unit area on their surface .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supermolecular Structure, Free Volume, and Glass Transition of Needleless Electrospun Polymer Nanofibers

Kotresh

Ramani

Jana

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Polymer nanofibers are known to possess highly aligned polymer chains, and the existence of open spaces/free volumes within them is something difficult to envisage. Herein, we have carried out a thorough free volume investigation in three different needleless electrospun polymer nanofibers, viz., polyamide-6 (PA-6), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and polystyrene (PS), using the positronium annihilation lifetime spectroscopy technique. The lifetime results were supported by Doppler broadening of annihilation radiation measurements. For comparison, studies were also carried out on solution-cast films of these polymers. The free volumes in polar polymer nanofibers were found to be localized mainly at the chain ends, contributing to supernumerary free volumes , and the free volume contents in them were surprisingly higher than their bulk films. The free-volume-based structural studies were supplemented by X-ray diffraction, and their thermal stability was found by thermogravimetric analysis. The glass-transition temperature (T g) values of nanofibers in the case of polar polymers (PA-6 and PAN) are higher than their corresponding solution-cast films as measured by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) measurements. The present study reveals that the free volume and T g of polar polymer nanofibers bear a correlation, which is distinct from the generally known chain end–free volume theory, thus posing the need for further research on the glass-transition process in them. Furthermore, a drastic reduction in T g of PA-6 nanofibers by ca. 80 °C from its granular form due to the influence of an acidic solvent has been found for the first time using a low-temperature DMTA study. In-depth understanding of these aspects improves the fundamental knowledge of the internal structure of nanofibers at the molecular level and serves as a key for achieving the long-term goal of controlling their properties for specific applications like dye filtration and energy storage.

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“…The major types of nylons used in the medical world include Nylon 6, nylon 6.6, and nylon 6.12. [83][84][85][86]. All the fibers and moldings are partially crystalline.…”

Section: Guar Gummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All the fibers and moldings are partially crystalline. The crystallinity degree greatly influences the nylons' properties to be useful in the medical world [83][84][85][86].…”

Section: Guar Gummentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical alloying and high-repetition-pulsed-laser based manufacturing method for nanostructured hydroxyapatite films on cobalt-chromium and nylon substrates

Redhwi¹

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Ferroelectric performance of nylons 6-12, 10-12, 11-12, and 12-12

Abstract: Nylons have great potential for electrical applications requiring high polarizability and low dielectric loss.

Cited by 15 publications

References 43 publications

Materials for Smart Soft Actuator Systems

Materials for Smart Soft Actuator Systems

Supermolecular Structure, Free Volume, and Glass Transition of Needleless Electrospun Polymer Nanofibers

Mechanical alloying and high-repetition-pulsed-laser based manufacturing method for nanostructured hydroxyapatite films on cobalt-chromium and nylon substrates

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