Ferroelectric properties of strontium barium niobate crystals doped with rare-earth metals

Nanodomain structures formation during polarization reversal in uniform electric field in strontium barium niobate single crystals

“…All measurements were carried out at room temperature, which was essentially lower than the freezing temperature for the studied composition (T f ¼ 60 C). 17 Two variants of single domain state preparation were used: (1) thermal polarization in constant field and (2) application of bipolar pulses. The uniformity of the created domain state was verified by PFM.…”

Effect of Ni doping on ferroelectric and dielectric properties of strontium barium niobate crystals

“…Doping SBN with rare-earth or alkali ions improves the properties via a significant increase of the electrooptical and piezoelectric coefficients [8][9][10]. The introduction of rare-earth metals is accompanied by a substantial decrease in the phase transition temperature and brings about a considerable change in the dielectric permittivity, over a wide range of temperatures [11,12]. It was also established that the doping with rare-earth metals results in a "retardation" of the switching process [12].…”

“…The introduction of rare-earth metals is accompanied by a substantial decrease in the phase transition temperature and brings about a considerable change in the dielectric permittivity, over a wide range of temperatures [11,12]. It was also established that the doping with rare-earth metals results in a "retardation" of the switching process [12]. On the other hand, the alkali (Li 0.5 Na 0.5 ) doping SBN results in increasing the phase transition temperature along with decreasing the maximum dielectric constant [13].…”

Ferroelectric properties of lanthanum and titanium modified SBN ceramic system

“…That is, as ions (host and impurity) of different valences are involved, the achievement of such an ionic substitution demands the generation of vacancies to maintain electrical neutrality, therefore increasing the amount of lattice defects in the material and consequently causing, for instance, a decrease of the ferroparaelectric transition temperature [4]. In general, it has been noted that the materials involving high densities of defects transit to the paraelectric state at lower temperatures than those with all their crystallographic sites occupied [10]. When doped with lanthanum (La 3+ ), moreover, a SBN system with a very stable polarized state has been obtained at room temperature [3].…”