Ferromagnetismus und elektrische Eigenschaften IV. Mitteilung

Gerlāch, Wālther

doi:10.1002/andp.19324040707

Cited by 22 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This effect is significant, although only of the order of a few per cent. GMR however is based on spin-dependent scattering, first investigated in bulk ferromagnetic materials in the 1930s by, for example, Englert [6], Gerlach [7] and Potter [8], and considered theoretically by Sir Neville Mott in 1936 [9], whose work provided the foundation for Campbell and Fert in the 1960s and the 1970s to work on spin-dependent scattering [10,11].…”

Section: Scientific Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the GMR effect is similar to that of CIP, so that to achieve a usable signal voltage, high current densities must be used. The thermal effects of the high current densities are ameliorated by the substantial heat sink provided by the shields, but there remains the problem of the spin-transfer torque introduced by the spin-polarized current (see section 7) introducing an additional magnetic instability. It is possible to overcome this by using a dual spin-valve structure, at the expense of increasing the sensor stack size.…”

Section: Gmr and Data Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

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The discovery, development and future of GMR: The Nobel Prize 2007

Thompson¹

2008

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

160

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for the discovery of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) in which the spin as well as the charge of the electron is manipulated and exploited in nanoscale magnetic materials. The journey to GMR started with Lord Kelvin who 150 years ago in 1857 made the first observations of anisotropic magnetoresistance and includes Sir Neville Mott who in 1936 realized that electric current in metals could be considered as two independent spin channels. Modern technology also has a significant role to play in the award of this Nobel Prize: GMR is only manifest in nanoscale materials, and the development of nanotechnology growth techniques was a necessary prerequisite ; further, the considerable demands of the magnetic data storage industry to drive up the data density stored on a hard disk fuelled an enormous international research effort following the initial discovery with the result that more than 5 billion GMR read heads have been manufactured since 1997, ubiquitous in hard disks today. This technology drive continues to inspire exploration of the spin current in the field now known as spintronics, generating new ideas and applications. This review explores the science underpinning GMR and spintronics, the different routes to its discovery taken by Professors Grünberg and Fert, the new science, materials and applications that the discovery has triggered and the considerable potential for the future.

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Section: Scientific Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gmr and Data Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

The discovery, development and future of GMR: The Nobel Prize 2007

Thompson¹

2008

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

160

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Über die Abhängigkeit des Elastizitätsmoduls und der Dämpfung ferromagnetischer Stoffe von der Magnetisierungsintensität

Auwers

1933

Annalen der Physik

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Über das Emissionsvermögen des Nickels

Löwe¹

1936

Annalen der Physik

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&er das Em6ssionst~ermtigem des Nickels 3Vow E r h a r d L8we (Mit 8 Figuren) Die Gesamtstrahlung und das spektrale Emissionsvermogen von Nickel wurde, jedoch ohne besondere Beriicksichtigung der magnetischen Umwandlung am Curiepunkt ( -620-630° abs.) von H a g e n und Rubens2), Suydam3), S c h m i d t und F u r t h m a n n 4 ) sowie von Kahanovicz5) gemessen. I n der Gesamtemission des Ni wurde von S c h m i d t und F u r t h m a n n keine Anomalie im Bereich von 600--800° abs. gefunden, wohl aber von S u y d a m und K a h a n ovicz. In den Messungen von H a g e n und R u b e n s des spektralen Emissionsvermogens (EV.) zeigt sich, vor allem bei langeren Wellen, die magnetische Urnwandlung durch einen Wendepunkt deutlich an, jedoch liegen in diesem Temperaturbereich zu wenig MeBpunkte, um genaue Aussagen machen zu konnen. Alle diese Messungen wurden daher wiederholt.Da die magnetische Umwandlung sich im EV. in gleicher Weise wie im Widerstand entsprechend der Hagen-Eubensschen Formel -EL = 0,0365 VT R zeigte6), wurde auch der EinfluB einer wahren Magnetisierung in der Umgebung des Curiepunktes auf die Emission untersucht. Es sollte gepriift werden, ob sich die von Gerlach') gefundene und spaterhin genauer untersuchte Widerstnndsverminderung durch die wnhre Magnetisierung auch im EV. bemerkbar macht.

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Ferromagnetismus und elektrische Eigenschaften IV. Mitteilung

Cited by 22 publications

References 12 publications

The discovery, development and future of GMR: The Nobel Prize 2007

The discovery, development and future of GMR: The Nobel Prize 2007

Über die Abhängigkeit des Elastizitätsmoduls und der Dämpfung ferromagnetischer Stoffe von der Magnetisierungsintensität

Über das Emissionsvermögen des Nickels

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