Ferromanganese Crusts of the North Pacific Ocean

Михайлик, П. Е.; Ханчук, А. И.; Михайлик, Е. В.; Рашидов, В. А.; Savelyev, D. P.; Зарубина, Н. В.

doi:10.1134/s1819714023020045

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…The REE patterns (Figure 4a) are similar to those of hydrogenetic deposits [39]. Moreover, in the discrimination diagrams, the samples are located in a hydrogenetic area (Figure 4b,c Note: (a) Mineral data were from [36] (? )-probably.…”

Section: Studied Crustsmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…The studied ferromanganese crusts (Figure 2) were collected from the slopes of the Hanzei and Detroit Guyots in the Emperor Ridge (Figure 1a) and from the Rat and Stalemate FZs (Figure 1b), during the scientific expedition of the R/V Sonne (249th cruise, 2016). All of the studied crusts (Figure 2) are hydrogenous, based on mineral composition and metal ratios [36], and analysis of bulk samples indicates the following elemental contents (Table 1): Si (13.0 ± 5.1%), Al (2.7 ± 1.3%), Ca (1.9 ± 0.2%), Fe (19.1 ± 3.8%), Mn (13.3 ± 5.7%), Co (1300 ± 591 ppm), Cu (850 ± 816 ppm), and Ni (1644 ± 1298 ppm).…”

Section: Studied Crustsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For each sample, the bulk sample and four subsamples in different miner tions, namely loosely bound (I or carbonate), Mn oxide (II), hydrous Fe oxide (II residual (IV or silicate), were prepared for later measurements. Note: (a) Mineral data were from [36] (? )-probably.…”

Section: Studied Crustsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vernadite in hydrothermal deposits likely indicates a high growth rate and, as a consequence, low concentrations of Co, Cu and Ni are observed (Table 2), relative to typical hydrogenetic Co-rich crusts [37]. [9,36].…”

Section: Studied Crustsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sr and Nd Isotopes in Mineral Fractions of Ferromanganese Crusts from the Northernmost Pacific

Mikhailik,

Vishnevskaya,

et al. 2023

JMSE

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A study of the isotopic compositions of neodymium and strontium in four mineral fractions of the hydrogenous ferromanganese crusts of the northernmost Pacific has been carried out for the first time. The relationship of the 87Sr/86Sr ratio and εNd value of the residual fraction in heterochronous layers of the ferromanganese crusts have shown that the sources of detrital matter are from rock weathering by the Yukon River, the Kuskokwim River, the Anadyr River and the rivers of Kamchatka. The amount of aluminosilicate impurity does not affect the isotopic compositions of the chemogenic (loosely bound, Mn oxides or manganese, hydrous Fe oxides or ferrous) fractions. The decreased εNd value in the ferrous fraction seems to be related to the presence of rare earth element (REE) phosphate complexes in seawater. The increase in those complexes is a consequence of melt waters entering the ocean during warming periods. Our data indicate that the carbonate REE complexes are not the dominant form of the REEs in the northernmost Pacific, which leads to the fact that the neodymium isotopic compositions of the manganese and ferrous fractions of hydrogenous ferromanganese crusts are different. A decrease in εNd value in the ferrous fraction may be a marker of a local increase in the surface water bioproductivity. Our data also show that the increase of the REE in the ferrous fraction relative to the manganese fraction does not reflect the participation of hydrothermal matter in the formation of mixed hydrogenous–hydrothermal crusts but is a consequence of an increase in the REE phosphate complexes.

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Section: Studied Crustsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Studied Crustsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Studied Crustsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Studied Crustsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Sr and Nd Isotopes in Mineral Fractions of Ferromanganese Crusts from the Northernmost Pacific

Mikhailik,

Vishnevskaya,

et al. 2023

JMSE

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“…Seawaterderived Co, Ce, Ti, Pt and REY that reveal a negative correlation with the growth rate are progressively accumulated in the low-growth-rate environments, whereas elements like Mo, W, V and Tl are less influenced, and elements like Li, Cu and Ni exhibit relatively higher concentrations with higher growth rates [29,47,[76][77][78][79]. We note that the growth rate poses an influence on the metal concentration but does not decisively control the growth and the metal concentration of Fe-Mn crusts and nodules, for instance, Fe-Mn crusts in the North and Tropical Pacific have similar growth rates, but they vary in metal concentrations [80,81]. Other evident factors could also cause this variation, e.g., the effects of latitudes and oceanic productivity [43,44].…”

Section: Growth Ratementioning

confidence: 77%

Enrichment Characteristics and Mechanisms of Critical Metals in Marine Fe-Mn Crusts and Nodules: A Review

Huang,

2023

Minerals

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Marine Co-rich ferromanganese crusts and polymetallic nodules, which are widely distributed in oceanic environments, are salient potential mineral resources that are enriched with many critical metals. Many investigations have achieved essential progress and findings regarding critical metal enrichment in Fe-Mn crusts and nodules. This study systematically reviews the research findings of previous investigations and elaborates in detail on the enrichment characteristics, enrichment processes and mechanisms and the influencing factors of the critical metals enriched in Fe-Mn crusts and nodules. The influencing factors of critical metal enrichments in Fe-Mn crusts and nodules mainly include the growth rate, water depth, post-depositional phosphatization and structural uptake of adsorbents. The major enrichment pathways of critical metals in marine Fe-Mn (oxy)hydroxides are primarily as follows: direct substitution on the surface of δ-MnO2 for Ni, Cu, Zn and Li; oxidative substitution on the δ-MnO2 surface for Co, Ce and Tl; partition between Mn and Fe phases through surface complexation according to electro-species attractiveness for REY (except for Ce), Cd, Mo, W and V; combined Mn-Fe phases enrichment for seawater anionic Te, Pt, As and Sb, whose low-valence species are mostly oxidatively enriched on δ-MnO2, in addition to electro-chemical adsorption onto FeOOH, while high-valence species are likely structurally incorporated by amorphous FeOOH; and dominant sorption and incorporation by amorphous FeOOH for Ti and Se. The coordination preferences of critical metals in the layered and tunneled Mn oxides are primarily as follows: metal incorporations in the layer/tunnel-wall for Co, Ni and Cu; triple-corner-sharing configurations above the structural vacancy for Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Tl; double-corner-sharing configurations for As, Sb, Mo, W, V and Te; edge-sharing configurations at the layer rims for corner-sharing metals when they are less competitive in taking up the corner-sharing position or under less oxidizing conditions when the metals are less feasible for reactions with layer vacancy; and hydrated interlayer or tunnel-center sorption for Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Tl and Li. The major ore-forming elements (e.g., Co, Ni, Cu and Zn), rare earth elements and yttrium, platinum-group elements, dispersed elements (e.g., Te, Tl, Se and Cd) and other enriched critical metals (e.g., Li, Ti and Mo) in polymetallic nodules and Co-rich Fe-Mn crusts of different geneses have unique and varied enrichment characteristics, metal occurrence states, enrichment processes and enrichment mechanisms. This review helps to deepen the understanding of the geochemical behaviors of critical metals in oceanic environments, and it also bears significance for understanding the extreme enrichment and mineralization of deep-sea critical metals.

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Origin and critical metals enrichment of ferromanganese precipitates from Jiawang Seamount (Hook Ridge) Antarctica: Geochemistry and isotope evidence

Zhang,

Cui,

Zong

et al. 2025

Marine Geology

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Ferromanganese Crusts of the North Pacific Ocean

Cited by 4 publications

References 91 publications

Sr and Nd Isotopes in Mineral Fractions of Ferromanganese Crusts from the Northernmost Pacific

Sr and Nd Isotopes in Mineral Fractions of Ferromanganese Crusts from the Northernmost Pacific

Enrichment Characteristics and Mechanisms of Critical Metals in Marine Fe-Mn Crusts and Nodules: A Review

Origin and critical metals enrichment of ferromanganese precipitates from Jiawang Seamount (Hook Ridge) Antarctica: Geochemistry and isotope evidence

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