Ferronickel particle formation during the carbothermic reduction of a limonitic laterite ore

Elliott, R.; Pickles, C.A.; Peacey, J.G.

doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2016.10.020

Cited by 55 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Comparing the results presented in the current study with that of Elliott et al (2015;2017), one can see the different effect of S on the saprolitic and limonitic nickel laterite [13,14]. The thermodynamic modeling of the carbothermic reduction of limonite using 4 wt % coal and 1 wt % S at 1000 • C (1273 K) carried out by Elliott et al resulted in the value of nickel recovery and nickel grade of 97.8% and 14%, respectively [13].…”

Section: Effect Of S and Fes Additions On Phases Formation At 1000 • supporting

confidence: 52%

“…In the current study, the nickel recovery and nickel grade for the saprolite carbothermic reduction with addition of 4 wt% C and 1 wt% S at 1000 • C (1273 K) were predicted to be 73.4% and 34.5%, respectively. Elliott et al (2017) also reported that for limonite, the nickel recovery and the nickel grade were predicted to increase and decrease, respectively, with increasing of sulfur [14]. On the contrary for saprolite, the current study reported that the nickel recovery and the nickel grade were predicted to decrease and increase, respectively, with increasing of sulfur.…”

Section: Effect Of S and Fes Additions On Phases Formation At 1000 • mentioning

confidence: 46%

“…Elliott et al [13,14] extended the study and investigated the effect of addition of sulfur on the limonitic ore reduction. Their thermodynamic calculation showed that nickel recovery increases with increasing carbon and sulfur addition; and this was in agreement with their experimental study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typical alloy particle size of 10-20 µm was reported, and a maximum particle size of 120 µm was observed for reduction carried out at 1200 • C (1473 K) for 60 min. In another study, Elliott et al [14] investigated the addition of S (0-4 wt %) and pyrite (0-11.25 wt %) on carbothermic reduction of limonite using coal (0-6 wt %) at 1000-1200 • C (1273-1473 K). They reported that the alloy particles grow through liquid phase sintering mechanism, promoted by liquid phase at the interface between the alloy and the sulfide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Sulfides Formation in Carbothermic Reduction of Saprolitic Nickel Laterite Ore Using Low-Rank Coals and Additives: A Thermodynamic Simulation Analysis

Harjanto

Rhamdhani

2019

Minerals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this paper, a systematic thermodynamic analysis of carbothermic reduction of saprolitic nickel laterite ore was carried out. Different carbon sources—such as pure C, sub-bituminous, and lignite—were used for the carbothermic reduction at 1000 °C (1273 K). The effect of the different additives—such as S, FeS, Na2S, Na2SO4, and CaSO4—was also systematically evaluated. The thermodynamic calculations suggested that the use of low rank coals (sub-bituminous and lignite) do not significantly affect the nickel grade and nickel recovery, but affect the total metals recovery. The presence of S in these C-sources promoted the formation of sulfides. At 1000 °C (1273 K), only a small amount of C-sources (C, sub-bituminous, lignite) are needed to significantly metallize the nickel in the laterite, i.e., between 4–6 wt %. The additives S, FeS, Na2S, Na2SO4, and CaSO4 were predicted to promote the formation of liquid sulfides, and at the same time reduce the formation of the (Fe,Ni) alloy, thus reducing the nickel and total metals recovery. Therefore, consideration is needed to balance the two aspects. The calculations predicted that S, Na2SO4, and CaSO4 additions provided an increase in the nickel grade; while FeS and Na2S reduced the nickel grade.

show abstract

Section: Effect Of S and Fes Additions On Phases Formation At 1000 • supporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Effect Of S and Fes Additions On Phases Formation At 1000 • mentioning

confidence: 46%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Sulfides Formation in Carbothermic Reduction of Saprolitic Nickel Laterite Ore Using Low-Rank Coals and Additives: A Thermodynamic Simulation Analysis

Harjanto

Rhamdhani

2019

Minerals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The most promising results correlate with reduction conditions which would produce the largest ferronickel particles, increased reduction temperatures and times have been shown to result in the larger ferronickel particles, and the addition of sulfur have also resulted in an increase in the size of ferronickel particles formed [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Separation of iron-nickel alloy nugget from limonitic laterite ore using self-reduction

Ju¹,

Ryom²,

Hong³

2018

J min metall B Metall

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To efficiently extract nickel from low grade limonitic laterite ore, a separation method of iron-nickel alloy nugget by selfreduction of coal composite limonitic laterite ore briquette was investigated. In this investigation, in order to decrease the separation temperature of iron-nickel alloy nugget, the selective reduction by control of C/O ratio was introduced and reductant added in the briquette was inadequate for the reduction of nickel and iron. Nickel was preferentially reduced in the reduction process, while iron was partially reduced due to the lack of reductant. After reduction, a certain amount of FeO existed in the reduced product. This residual FeO had a great role in the formation of low melting point slag, which could promote the formation and the separation of iron-nickel alloy nugget at relatively low temperature. In this investigation, the reduction experiments were all conducted at 1300°C. To evaluate the formation and the separation of iron-nickel alloy nugget in the reduction process, we observed the patterns of reduced products under different C/O ratio, CaO addition ratio and holding time conditions. And then the effect of C/O ratio and CaO addition ratio on nickel content of nugget and nickel recovery ratio were investigated. The results showed that 0.7 of C/O ratio, 8% of CaO addition ratio and 40min of holding time were suitable for the separation of iron-nickel alloy nugget from limonitic laterite ore. Nickel and iron content of the nugget and the nickel recovery ratio were 4.75%, 89.51% and 85%, respectively. Nuggets were easily separated from slag by crushing and screening. This separation method could be applied to any limonitic laterite ore by adjusting C/O ratio and CaO addition ratio.

show abstract

Softening–Melting Properties of Laterite Ore and Regulation Technology Applied in Krupp–Renn Process and Sintering Process

Li¹,

Rao²,

Peng³

et al. 2023

Advances and Innovations in Ferronickel-Making

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ferronickel particle formation during the carbothermic reduction of a limonitic laterite ore

Cited by 55 publications

References 10 publications

Sulfides Formation in Carbothermic Reduction of Saprolitic Nickel Laterite Ore Using Low-Rank Coals and Additives: A Thermodynamic Simulation Analysis

Sulfides Formation in Carbothermic Reduction of Saprolitic Nickel Laterite Ore Using Low-Rank Coals and Additives: A Thermodynamic Simulation Analysis

Separation of iron-nickel alloy nugget from limonitic laterite ore using self-reduction

Softening–Melting Properties of Laterite Ore and Regulation Technology Applied in Krupp–Renn Process and Sintering Process

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About